政治委婉语及其修辞应用 [7]
论文作者:谢朝华论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-06编辑:黄丽樱点击率:10208
论文字数:5060论文编号:org200904061123135599语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:social functionpolitical euphemismrhetorical application社会功能政治委婉语修辞应用
are making our endeavor to solve the problem, and are trying to make Korean stop its nuclear plan without considering using force.” In face of America’s beating around the bush, Korean relied that, “If America attack Korean, Korean people army certainly will give the American army ‘the ruthless punishment’.” In the diplomatic speech, although the two side opposed each other with equal harshness, expressed each other’s firm attitude, they still tried to avoid talking about “war” directly, so that they can remain the room for peace solution through political and diplomatic devices, so as not to be fallen into the passive situation.[8]
From all the examples above, we can conclude that there are two main features of the communication of political euphemisms.
(1) To disguise: The use of such political euphemisms helps government beautify the fact,and prevents people from taking any anti-government action. These euphemisms form a framework to deceive,to hide the dirty business of war.
(2) To be polite: It was used to maintain the friendly relations, which are required for smooth and effective communication. The purpose of social interaction is to promote the friendship between the speakers and therefore,every time when one speaks,he has to consider whether what he says is likely to maintain,improve,or damage the friendship.
3. Rhetorical application of political euphemism
Political euphemism, as an important type of euphemism, also uses the rhetorical devices to make the communication effectively. [9] People often use the following rhetorical devices:
3.1 The use of understatement
The feature of understatement is that the speech of it touches the essence of the matter in a very little degree, so that people who don’t know the truth or the implication can’t feel the seriousness of the matter. Political euphemisms often use the rhetoric device of understatement. There are many examples of this kind. For example, “poor” is a dreadful word both in English and Chinese, it means the life is in a difficult position, and indicates the low social position. It also indicates the governmental inability to solve social and economic problems. In order to cover up it and make the poverty problem seem to be not so serious, government call “poor” as “needy or disadvantaged”, call the “slum” as “substandard housing”, “slum children” as “the culturally different children”, and “ghetto” is referred to as “inner city”. In English, there are not poor nations or poor countries, but only backward nations, underdeveloped nations, developing nations and emerging nations. The UN calls those poor countries as “less-developed nations or countries.”
In the international political affairs, especially in the military field, there are more examples of this kind, which are used to cover the essence of some dirty matters. For example, Ministry of Defense, in fact, is Ministry of War. American government once uses “Operation Sunshine” to cover its heinous crime that they took the experiment of hydrogen bullet in the Pacific Ocean. During the war of Gulf war, American use “air operation” and “ground operation” instead of “air strike” and “ground war”, as a result, people couldn’t feel about the terribleness and cruelness of the war from the words directly.
3.2. The use of periphrasis
Periphrasis usually uses long phrases or sentences to make the listener’s attention far from the topic. Politicians often use some longer words to express their ideas. Because
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