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Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Dependency Grammar and Valency Theory

Dependency grammar and valency theory,both developed by Tesniere,play asignificant role in modern linguistics,and valency theory is seen as a part ofdependency grammar.

2.1.1 Dependency Grammar

Dependency Grammar,an essential part of cognitive linguistics,was firstproposed by French linguist Lucien Tesniere(1934,1959),which profoundlyinfluenced the development of linguistics,especially quantitative linguistics.It holdsthat words are the basic elements of sentences,and they are not isolated but connectwith each other in some specific relation.Regarding the status of a verb in a sentence,Tesniere argued that a verb is usually the core of a sentence.In a particular sentence,the dependency relation of the verb is often labeled as“root”,which means that theverb is the supreme governor of other words,such as the auxiliary and subject.Healso put forward the critical concept of“connexion”,which refers to“dependency”ordependency relation(this thesis tends to will use the term dependency throughout thepaper)in today’s dependency grammar studies.In a sense,the dependency grammar isbased on the relation between words(Liu,1997,2009).In dependency grammar,therelation between words is unequal.In each group of two words forming a dependency,one word is named the parent or governor,and the other is called the dependent,which is subordinate to the parent(Hudson,2010;Liu,2009;Tesniere,1959).

2.2 Previous Research on the Language Performance of AD Patients

The language function of AD patients has become an essential focus ininternational research on clinical linguistics(Liu,2017).AD will have not only animpact on cognitive and executive function but also on language function(Waldemar&Burns,2017;Zhao,Li,&Liu,2016).In addition,language is a significant part ofhuman cognitive function.As an advanced cognitive activity,producing languageinvolves a series of complex cognitive processes.As a result,the damage to the brainbrought about by AD will show in the language used by AD patients.In turn,theimpairments in language function can reveal the cognitive state of AD patients,suchas episode memory,mental development,sentiment,and social activities(Liu,2017).

Language production deficits occur early in the course of AD(Pistono et al.,2021).Furthermore,much attention has been paid to the language performance of ADpatients.Generally,AD patients exhibit a“lack of speech initiative”,slowness torespond,and what is sometimes described as“refusal”to respond(Appell et al.,1982;Irigaray,1967).

As to phonology,it is generally considered that there is no obvious problem ofdysarthria(Irigaray,1973;Bayles,1979).The phonological capacity is relativelymaintained in early AD.

Chapter Three Methodology ........................... 15

3.1 Research Questions .............................. 15

3.2 Data Collection .................................. 15

3.3 Analytic Framework .............................. 16 

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