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iverse manifestations.Devine(1987)offered a perspective from abroad,describing homework as a learning task undertaken by students without direct teacher’sguidance.However,this definition lacks specificity.Cooper Harris(1994),a renownedscholar in the United States specializing in homework research,provided a moredetailed definition.He viewed homework as a learning task assigned by teachers thatstudents are expected to complete either at school or at home,utilizing theirout-of-school time.This definition highlights the role of teachers in structuringhomework and the requirement for students to engage with it independently.Furthermore,Cooper Harris(2001)expanded on this concept,defining homework asactivities and tasks assigned by teachers to students that are meant to be completedduring non-instructional time.This definition emphasizes the distinction betweeninstructional and non-instructional time,highlighting the supplementary nature ofhomework in supporting students’learning.Collectively,these definitions reveal themultifaceted nature of homework,encompassing various aspects such as teacherinvolvement,student autonomy,and the utilization of out-of-school time.While nosingle definition can capture all its nuances,these perspectives provide valuable insightsinto the construct of homework and its role in education.

2.2 Previous Research on Differentiated Homework at Home andAbroad

Since 2021,“differentiated homework”has received close attention fromacademics under the promotion of the“Double reduction”policy.Based on the resultsof the literature search,there were a few studies on differentiated homework at homeand abroad,but most of them focused on theoretical research,and there were not manyaction research papers on English subjects.Through sorting out the relevant literature,the research on the design of differentiated homework at home and abroad mainlyfocuses on the following three aspects:the principles of differentiated homework,theways of differentiated homework and the effectiveness of differentiated homework.

2.2.1 Previous Research on the Principles of Differentiated Homework

Based on the results of literature research,it found that there were few studies on the principles of differentiated homework abroad.The following is the researches ofsome scholars in China in recent years on the principles of differentiated homeworkdesign.

Chapter 3 Methodology...................................20

3.1 Research Questions..................................20

3.2 Participants....................................20

3.3 Research Instruments..................................21

Chapter 4 Action Research......................................26

4.1 The Preparation Stage of Action Research..............................26

4.1.1 Students Stratification..............................26

4.1.2 Homework Stratification.............................27

Chapter 5 Results and Discussion..........................45

5.1 Results..............................45

5.1.1 Results and Analysis of Pre-questionnaire and Post-questionnaire............................45

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