案例介绍:脑膜炎和肺炎-Cases Presentation:Meningitis & Pneumonitis [15]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-05-10编辑:caribany点击率:26410
论文字数:10480论文编号:org201405091406328035语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文
关键词:脑膜炎和肺炎Meningitis & Pneumonitistype of pneumonitis肺组织的炎症Treatments and drugs
摘要:本文介绍了脑膜炎和肺炎两种病症,药物可用于治疗肺炎,但其他类型的肺炎可以通过简单地避免触发炎症的物质而被治疗。识别和及时治疗肺炎很重要,因为未经处理的肺炎可导致肺部结疤和呼吸永久困难。
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Meninges
Three meninges cover the brain, the dura/dura mater, the arachnoid/arachnoidea and the pia/pia mater. The dura is the most superficial of the meninges and is separated from the arachnoid by a latent space, the subdural space. Between the arachnoid and the pia, the subarachnoidal space is located containing cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral arteries. The pia goes along with the vessels over the brains gyri and sulci.
The dura mater
The dura is a fibrous tissue consisting of two layers, an outer periosteal layer and an inner meningeal layer. The dural layers are separated where the dural sinuses are placed. One of the dural septa, the falx cerebri/falx cerebri, extends between the two cerebral hemispheres whereas another dural septa, the tentorium cerebelli/tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobes.and this dural septa is fused to the falx cerebri in the midline. In the anterior margin there is an opening, the tentorial notch/incisura tentorii where the superior brainstem, aquduct and vessels pass. There is also a dural septa between the two cerebellar hemispheres, the falx cerebelli. The diaphragma sellae forms an incomplete cover over the hypophysis allowing the pituatory stalk/infundibulum.
The dura mater in the anterior and the middle cranial fossae is sensory innervated by the trigeminal nerve while the dura in the posterior fossa is supplied by the upper three cervical nerves and by branches from the vagal/nervus vagus (X) and hypoglossal /nervus hypoglossus (XII) cranial nerves.
The arachnoid
The arachnoid covers the subarachnoidal space wich is filled with cerebro spinal fluid (CSF). It does not go into sulci or fissures except to go along with the falx and the tentorium. Arachnoid granulations/granulationes arachnoidales are built up by microscopic villi that appear as berry-
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