摘要:本文介绍了脑膜炎和肺炎两种病症,药物可用于治疗肺炎,但其他类型的肺炎可以通过简单地避免触发炎症的物质而被治疗。识别和及时治疗肺炎很重要,因为未经处理的肺炎可导致肺部结疤和呼吸永久困难。
Bronchodilators
Mechanism of Action
- Bronchodilator
- is a β-adrenergic stimulant which has a highly selective action on the receptors in bronchial muscle and in therapeutic doses
- it has little or no action on the cardiac receptors
Indication
- Treatment of acute severe asthma and in routine management of chronic
bronchospasm unresponsive to conventional therapy
Contraindication
- Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of the components of Aero-Vent.
Adverse Reaction
-A small increase in heart rate may occur in patients who inhale a large dosage of salbutamol. This is not usually accompanied by any changes in the electrocardiogram. Other side effects which occur with very high doses of salbutamol by inhalation are peripheral vasodilatation and the fine tremor of skeletal muscle.
Nursing Intervention
- When given by nebulization, either a face of mask or mouthpiece may be used. Compressed air or oxygen w/ a gas flow of 6-10L/min should be use, w/ a single treatment lasting from5 to 15 min.
Name of the Drug
HYDROCORTISONE CORTIN VIAL
Dosage Ordered
100 mg IVTT
Classification
Corticosteroids
Mechanism of Action
- Decreases inflammation, mainly by stabilizing leukocyte lysosomal membranes
- suppresses immune response
- stimulates bone marrow, and influences protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism
Indication
- Acute adrenocortical insufficiency, bilateral adrenalectomy, severe shock
- acute hypersensitivity reactions
- aspiration pneumonitis
Contraindication
- Latent, healed & active TB, herpes simplex, chronic nephritis, acute psychosis, Cushing's syndrome, peptic ulcer & predisposition to thrombophlebitis.
Adverse Reaction
- Fluid electrolyte, musculoskeletal, GI, dermatologic, neurological, endocrine, ophth, metabolic disturbances.
Nursing Intervention
- Give oral dose with food when possible
- Injectable forms aren’t used for alternate-day therapy
Name of the Drug
Zantac
Dosage Ordered
½ amp. IVTT q 12 hrs.
Classification
Antiulcer Drug
Mechanism of Action
- a specific, rapidly acting histamine H2 – antagonist
- inhibits basal and stimulated secretion of gastric acid
- reducing the volume and the acid and pepsin content of the secretion
Indication
- prophylaxis of aid aspiration syndrome
Contraindication
- Patients known to have hypersensitivity to ranitidine or to any component of Zantac.
Adverse reaction
- The following have been reported as events in clinical trials or in the routine management of patients treated with ranitidine. The relationship to ranitidine therapy has not been established in many cases.
Nursing Intervention
- drug may be added to total parenteral nutrition solutions
- assess patient for abdominal pain
Nursing Care Plan
Date:
Subjective Cues:
 
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