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ads to motivate entrepreneurs. It also gives an understanding to why the needs of the multiple entrepreneurs keep changing over time and the importance of identifying what each and every individual is after in terms of their needs, by giving the insight to what exactly are the individual needs that that must be met in order to motivate them. Maslow identified five levels of needs as;

Self actualization level, which is the highest level, i.e. level 5

Self esteem level, i.e. level 4

Social belonging and love needs level i.e. level 3

Safety level, i.e. level 2, and

Physiology level i.e. level 1

According to Raven J, (2001), the five levels of needs above, must be satisfied if the entrepreneur is to be motivated. Multiple entrepreneurs' motivations are therefore driven by the existence of those unsatisfied needs, meaning that unless they are fulfilled; their needs are motivated to do so. The argument is that in order to motivate the multiple entrepreneurs, the first higher level of needs have to be satisfied before the next levels of needs, and only when the lower level of needs are satisfied will the next level of needs act as a motivator, (Raven J, 2001). If we are to use a simple example of a person dying of hunger, his first motivation will be to fulfill his hunger by earning a salary, but after satisfying his basic needs, it will no longer act as a motivator, and that only the second level of needs such as safe working conditions will then motivate him. In conclusion, Maslow pointed out that satisfying the individual's needs is a step-by-step process, that begin from the lowest to the highest, only satisfying each level at a time.

Hertzberg's Two Factor Theory

Churchill and Lewis (1983), describes the theory as a theory focusing on the individual needs, whereby Hertzberg identified two separate groups of factors with strong impact on motivation. Hygiene factors were his first group, consisting of such factors as working conditions, supervision quality, status, salary, company policies, as well as administration. This theory could be applied to the multiple entrepreneurships' setting in two ways, i.e. the entrepreneur may want to motivate his workers, or he could be motivated as an employer.

This way, hygiene factors seemed to have taken the centre stage, where feelings of dissatisfaction negatively affected performance, and fail to motivate the people involved (pg 222). For instance, without good and safe working surroundings, it is not good to offer a task because the chances of motivating the one carrying out the task are slim. The second group of factors is called the motivating factors, consisting of factors such as recognition, responsibility, achievement, promotions etc, where Hertzberg believed that the motivating factors satisfies individuals and consequently motivate them, but the hygiene factor has to be there in order to fully satisfy them.

Alderfer's ERG Theory

The ERG Theory bases on the needs of an individual, where it was proposed to basically overcome the limitations of the Maslo本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。