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The oil shock in 1973 and 1979 made all business to manage lean cost structure and maritime industry was not exceptional. Innovative construction methods such as block construction method in dry dock, pre-outfitting, and tandem construction method made it possible to construct more economically homogeneous ships in emerging countries. At that time Korea appears to be one of global players in the emerging markets with the active promotion policy by the government. Then Japan chose differentiation strategy and Europeans focused on more innovated vessels in 1980s.

1973 年和 1979 年石油冲击使所有行业精益管理成本结构，航运业也不例外。创新施工方法如块干船坞、 预舾装和串联施工方法使新兴国家能够建造更经济的船只。在那段时间韩国在新兴市场的全球玩家中，似乎只是政府积极推动的普通成员。然后在20世纪80年代，日本选择差异化战略，欧洲人专注于更多创新的船只。

While the severe recession in shipping market in 1980s and 1990s, many yards in Europe and Japan had faced restructuring. However, Korean giant shipbuilders had aggressively invested more capital to expand production facilities such as the largest dry dock in Hyundai Heavy Industries despite regulation on the additional dry docks by government policy. From the 1990s Korea shipbuilding industry threat Japanese yards in terms of all three indexes of shipbuilding, new order, delivery and order book while European yards tried to protect their market occupation by raising an issue of trade disputes on WTO and OECD Working Part 6 (Shipbuilding), which will be deeply discussed in the section 4.2.

而在20世纪80年代和90年代，航运市场发生严重衰退，许多欧洲和日本船坞面临重组。然而，韩国造船巨头积极地投资更多的资金来扩大生产设施，如在现代重工业最大的干船坞，尽管政府政策限制额外的干船坞。从上世纪90年代韩国造船业在所有三项造船指标项上威胁日本船坞，新订单、交付和订单，而欧洲船坞试图通过增加WTO、OECD工作部分6的贸易争端问题来保护他们的市场占有率（造船），这将在第4.2节进行了深入的探讨。

Recently, one of the most remarkable players in global shipbuilding market is China. Chinese government designated the shipbuilding industry as a strategic industry by adopting long term plan for promotion policy of shipbuilding industry in 2006. China is the low cost leader as other major shipbuilders did and one of the strongest competitors to Korea. Unlike Korean shipbuilding industry, which is mainly dependent on overseas ship owners, the Chinese yards can obtain orders by Chinese shipping companies. Moreover, they have enough finances to supply their yards with low interest rate.

近年来，在全球造船市场中最出色的成员之一是中国。中国政府在2006年指定造船产业作为战略性产业，采用造船产业促进政策的长期计划。作为韩国最强劲的对手之一，中国低成本领先其他主要造船厂。不像韩国造船业主要依赖海外船主，中国船厂可以获得来自中国船只公司的订单。此外，他们有足够的财力保障船坞的低利率。

Figure Sequence of strategy in major shipbuilding countries

主要造船国家战略序列图

Source: Won, D.H. (2010), A study of Korean shipbuilders' strategy for sustainable growth, MIT Sloan School of Management

Figure 11 shows that the strategies chosen by countries have changed by each period. The most 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。