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pproach to metaphor in respect of the nature of metaphor, the experiential basis of metaphor, working mechanism of metaphor, conceptual metaphor and metaphorical expressions and the features of conceptual metaphor. The next two parts are the central parts of the whole paper. In the third part, by analyzing much linguistic data, I report my study on conceptual metaphors of "love" in Chinese as compared to those in English in order to find the similarities and the differences. According to the results illustrated in part three, in the fourth part, I attempt to probe into the universality and difference especially by referring to different cultural perceptions between English and Chinese. The last part is the conclusion of the thesis.

Chapter 2 Theoretical Basis of Metaphor

2.1 Working Mechanism of Metaphor

Linguists have great interest to probe into how metaphor works its wonders; specifically what is the process whereby words acquire metaphorical senses. There are mainly four different views in this aspect: the comparison theory, the substitution theory, the interaction theory and the projection theory. The comparison view regards metaphor as implicit comparison between a metaphorical expression and a literal paraphrase. By the comparison view, a metaphor is also referred to as a compressed or a condensed simile. The substitution view indicates that a metaphor is where a metaphorical expression is used in place of some equivalent literal expression. By the substitution view, a metaphor can be interchanged with a literal word. Whatever they are termed as, these two views share a common feature: they see metaphor as an addition, an ornament and assume a fundamental distinction between literal and figurative sense. By contrast with these two views, the latter two take the cognitive nature of metaphor as their basis, for which I intend to emphasize in the following part:
2.1.1 Interaction theory
Richards initiated interaction theory, and Black developed it into a specialized theory to explain the working process of metaphor. Black (1980) maintains that metaphor arise as a result of the“interaction”between the implication of two so-called literal sense, those of a subject (or primary subject) and predicate (or secondary subject). In his opinion a metaphor description is not a statement, and hence is neither true nor false; it is a juxtaposition of concepts designed to encourage the hearer to device a way of correlation parts and features of the primary subject with parts and features of the secondary subject. Therefore, metaphor is more like a one-to-one mapping between arrays of traits belonging respectively to the primary and secondary subject. It distinguishes itself from the traditional views.
2.1.2 The theory of conceptual domain projection
The case for metaphorical mappings has been made by Reddy (1979), Layoff and Johnson (1980), Layoff and Turner (1989), Sweeter (1990), Indurkhya (1992), Gibbs (1994), Fauconnier (2001), and the like. The key notion of metaphor is experiencing and understanding one kind of thing in terms of another, that is, metaphor can be understood as the mapping from a source domain to a target domain. Lay off use the term domain to refer to concept, and the term mapping to represent the interaction between two domains. Their working together provides us with the relationship between mapping and metap本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。