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“Ethical literary criticism is mainly refers to a research methodology that takesliterature as the object of criticism(Nie,2004:4).And it was in the same journal articlethat the methodology of ethical literary criticism was first explicitly put forward byProfessor Nie Zhenzhao.To have precise mastery of this theory,firstly,the origin anddevelopment of the ethical criticism will be introduced.Secondly,the differencesbetween moral criticism and ethical criticism,as well as ethics and ethical literarycriticism will be clearly clarified.

1.1.1 The Origin and Development of Ethical Literary Criticism

The emergence of ethical literary criticism in China began in 2004 and it’s theinnovation of ethical criticism from western criticism.Ethical criticism is closely relatedto moral criticism,that is to say ethical criticism evolved from moral criticism at thevery beginning.Moral criticism emphasizes the importance of moral values andpolitical nature of literature.In essence,literature is the manifestation of the author’sown political intentions.Besides,the systematic theory of ethics of literature can betraced back to Greek ethics.As for the literary origin of ethical literary criticism,it datesback to Greek methodology,Homer’s epics and drama.The development of Greekethics is significant for literary criticism,because it is not only the theoretical basis tounderstand literature,but also the critical methodology to analyze literature.Although ethics as an independent discipline began with Aristotle,it has been widely involved inthe writings of some philosophers and thinkers before him,such as Pythagoras,Heraclitus,Democritus,Socrates,etc.Plato and Aristotle were the outstandingrepresentatives who researched literature from the perspectives of ethics in ancientGreece.

1.2 Nie’s Ethical Literary Criticism

Ethical literary criticism was officially proposed by Professor Nie Zhenzhao in2004.First and foremost,it emerged as a response to theory aphasia in contemporaryChinese literary studies.Although a large amount of Western literary criticism has beenintroduced into China since the reform and opening up of China after Cultural Revolution,there was still a grave shortage of engagement of Chinese scholars withliterary criticism,since not even a single Chinese critical theory has been put forwardand applied.Second,there is a deficit of ethical engagement in those imported criticaltheories,which pays more attention to structures and forms of literature or concentratedon the Politics,power and ideology in literature.Third,literary theory moves away fromliterature,and some theories have overturned the dependency relationship betweentheory and literature,as well as disconnecting the internal connection between theoryand literature.Thus,there is a heavily tendency towards theoretical complex,preordained topic complex and term complex.Forth,the origin of literature has beenmisunderstood.Literature was considered to be derived from labor or imitation.In otherwords,the moral education or enlightenment of literature has been largely ignored ordevalued(Nie,2014:3-5).

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