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sp;incentive  value  theory  (Atkinson,  1957; Wigfield  &  Eccles,  2000),  and  goal  theory  (Ames,  1992;  Locke  &  Latham,  1990). 
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1.2 Learning Strategy
Aaron  Carton  was  the  first  scholar  to  study  learner  strategy.  In  1966,  he mentioned that different foreign language learners used different inference methods to learn foreign language in his thesis “The Method of Inference in Foreign Language Study”. In 1971, he published another thesis which elaborately discussed the inference strategies  of  foreign  language.  He  distinguished  three  different  types  of  inference  of the  target  language  as  inference  clue  —  intralingual  inference,  interlingual  inference and  extralingual  inference.  (1)  Intralingual  inference  means  using  the  knowledge  of target  language  to  reason.  (2)  Interlingual  inference  implies  that  learners  use  the knowledge  of  other  languages  to  reason.  (3)  Extralingual  inference  signifies  that learners  use  the  common  sense  to  reason.  Carton  pointed  out  that  language  learning process  is  similar  to  the  process  of  problem  solving.  Learners’  knowledge  and experience play a decisive role in this process.  Enlightened  by  Carton’s  research  result  and  his  learning  theory,  Rubin  began doing  research  on  successful  language  learners’  learning  strategies  in  1971.  Rubin found  that  successful  foreign  language  learners  have  a  lot  of  characteristics  in common  in  mental  and  learning  methods.  In  1983,  Stern  put  forward  ten  learning strategies that language learners need. In 1987, Wenden and Rubin published “Learner Strategies in Language Learning”.  In  the  same  year,  Candlin  and  Murphy  published “Lancaster Practical Papers in English Language Education”. In 1990, O’Malley and Chamot  tried  to  explain  the  essence  of  language  learning  strategy  from  the combination of cognitive learning theory and foreign language acquisition theory.  We  can  see  that  people  gradually  realized  that  learners  are  the  cores  in  the learning  process  for  they  are  positively  participating  in  the  task  whether  they  are conscious  or  unconscious.  Learners  are  not  negative  acceptors.  So  the  research  on learning  strategy  not  only  enriches  the  applied  linguistics  theory  and  guide  realistic fo本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。