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摘要：目前，全球化经济的不断发展对科技创新提出了更高的要求，很多企业为了本文是关于绿色供应链（green supply chain）英国留学生论文。为适应时代的发展要求，我们需要不断改进生产技术，提高经营管理，以提企业的竞争力，促进企业的良性发展。本文通过绿色供应链的概念的提出，分析绿色供应链的存在价值和应用必要性，探索绿色供应链应用恰当所带来的运营效益和社会效益。

ISO 14000 environmental management system requirements are typically associated with one organization, thus, agreement on the types of systems for GSCM must occur inter-organizationally. Within the ISO 14000 family of certification requirements and guidelines are environmental performance management guidelines codified as IS0 14031.

ISO 14031 guidelines – a GSCM/PMS design foundation. Putnam (2002) distinguishes ISO 14031 from the ISO 14001 standard and explains ISO 14031 as a process/guideline for measuring environmental performance and not a standard for certification. He stresses its use as a tool to provide management with key metrics for assessment. It is appropriate for all sizes and types of organizations even for those entities without an environmental management system in place. The central design principles of the ISO 14031 is the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model for implementing an environmental management system. This PDCA cycle also defined as the

Deming Cycle, is part of the continuous improvement aspects of quality management

(Deming, 1986).ISO 14031 focuses on evaluation of environmental performance. This section of the ISO 14000 family of standards focuses on trends and changes in environmental performance over time. The core document focuses on planning, applying, describing, reviewing and improving the environmental performance evaluation with guidance from the process of collecting, analyzing and communicating data. This is a dynamic process and forms the core of what a design team should consider in a GSCM/PMS (as shown in Figure 3 below).

Figure 3.

Hervani, A. Helms, M. & Sarkis, J. (2005),

Design of a performance measurement system utilizing the continuous improvement plan-do-check-act process from ISO 14031 guidelines

The ISO 14031 performance management system design involves collecting information and measuring how effectively an organization manages its environmental aspects on an ongoing basis. ISO 14031 is designed for use in environmental performance evaluation with indicators in three key areas:

(1) environmental condition indicators;

(2) operational performance indicators; and

(3) management performance indicators.

In addition six subcategories identify inputs of materials, energy and services, the supply of inputs, the design installation, maintenance, and operation of the physical facilities and equipments, output of products, services, wastes, and emissions, and finally the delivery of outputs. Bennet and Martin (1998) mention that changing drivers for environmental performance management must include stakeholders’ growing expectations about contentious issues, the need to respond to environmental pressures, the need to measure life cycle analysis and take-back programs, and general links between the environments as other typical business performance indicators, and need to be designed into an environmental management system and especially a GSCM/PMS.

+ “Exemple of green logistics”? for the last part…

Conclusion:

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