How Globalization and Trade Liberalization Have Impacted Positively and Negatively on Global Sustainability [6]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-06-06编辑:lzm点击率:11015
论文字数:3311论文编号:org201406052225433214语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:trade liberalizationChinese Agricultural ProductsGlobal sustainabilityPollution transferglobal ecological systemsustainable way
摘要:Take Chinese agricultural products as an example, three factors: globalization, trade liberalization and global sustainability are tied up with each other closely. Globalization is the final objective of trade liberalization, and trade liberalization is a needed stage to go for globalization.
salinization may be restored through proper agricultural management techniques’ To illustrate, developed countries in WTO use trade barriers to import primary agricultural products from China, and then process them at home to ultimate agricultural products. It is known that primary agricultural products should take up more lands or forest resources. Hence, China is led to its excess reclamation of lands or forests. It is proved by National Bureau of Statistics of China’s website (2009) which records China owned 130,040 thousand hectares of farming lands in 2005, taking up 13.54% of the total lands in China. Moreover, those trade barriers limit the export of Chinese agricultural ultimate products. It will result in wasting valuable resources for China and finally cause damages for Chinese sustainability, even global sustainability in the future.
② Destroy global ecological system
Globalization and trade liberalization of Chinese agricultural products will influence either Chinese sustainability or global sustainability negatively through destroying ecological system. Whether global ecological system can keep balance and healthy or not is the core issue of global sustainability. From “pollution transfer”, in the case of Chinese agricultural products, it can seen that excess reclamation of lands or forests which are caused by pollution transfer to China will bring about some problems such as the loss of water and soil. Maybe those problems will break Chinese ecological system in a short term. However, there are 204 developing countries whereas 20 developed countries in the world. Developing countries are much more than developed countries. More importantly, some of the developing countries such as China and Australia are agricultural countries plus lots of farming lands. At this point of view, it is likely that the protection of global ecological system depends on how ecological systems run in developing countries. “Pollution transfer” will break the balance of global ecological system in a long time. Destroying the balance of global ecological system implies the globalization and trade liberalization of agricultural products deviate from global sustainability which represents the form of “greenhouse effect” and “global warming” or others.
③ Poverty
Poverty is a linked part to global sustainability which is caused during the process of globalization and liberalization of Chinese agricultural products. Hens and Nath (2005)claim that the relationship between poverty and sustainability is that poverty as‘an overarching objective of sustainable development —that is the desire outcome of a successful development process — and an essential requirement of sustainable development— that is a means to and end. ’Globalization and trade liberalization of Chinese agricultural products can lead to famers to be poorer in China which as a developing country, as well as developed countries to be much richer. When “pollution transfer” occurs, developed countries will sell the agricultural ultimate products at high prices but at very low, almost zero environmental costs. Because the huge environmental costs are undertook by developing countries. Furthermore, trade barriers force most incomes of farmers in China rely on the export of primary agricultural products. The profit of primary agricultural products is much less than the one of agricultural ultimate products. It is unre
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