How Globalization and Trade Liberalization Have Impacted Positively and Negatively on Global Sustainability [5]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-06-06编辑:lzm点击率:11019
论文字数:3311论文编号:org201406052225433214语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:trade liberalizationChinese Agricultural ProductsGlobal sustainabilityPollution transferglobal ecological systemsustainable way
摘要:Take Chinese agricultural products as an example, three factors: globalization, trade liberalization and global sustainability are tied up with each other closely. Globalization is the final objective of trade liberalization, and trade liberalization is a needed stage to go for globalization.
•Human resources
Globalization and trade liberalization of Chinese agricultural products optimize human resource allocation through resources sharing globally. New technology and theories will be introduced into China which can be applied in Chinese agricultural products in order to rich their output chains. Furthermore, new technology and theories usually are generated with the purpose to decline pollution to environment and increase the productivity of agricultural products. Sine they are rather environment-friendly, much more “green products” will be produced. Then this result is good for global sustainability. For the same reason, new technology and theories of Chinese agricultural products can be brought into global countries that need them to improve their sustainability.
② Increase competitive capacity of Chinese agricultural products
Increase competitive capacity of Chinese agricultural products is an effective way for them to break trade barrier to achieve global sustainability. Along with the development of globalization and trade liberalization of Chinese agricultural products, it also predicates the products will face more and more challenges. The challenges, like trade barriers, come from the same products traded by the members in WTO. That force Chinese agricultural products to change towards “green products”, meaning products are harmless for the environment. The products will not finish their steps to globalization and trade liberalization until they make this reform to increase their competitive capacity. In a long time, it is good for global sustainability.
ⅱ. Negative impacts
Negative influences of globalization and trade liberalization of Chinese agricultural products on global sustainability embody three main aspects: pollution transfer, destroying global ecological system and poverty. In deed, they are three major indicators of environmental sustainability (Halberg et al., 2006).
① Pollution transfer
Harris (2004)regards the notion of pollution transfer as“pollution transfer in the global biogeochemical cycles means that the developed world is not isolated from the polluting effects of increased industrialization and consumerism associated with raising the living standards in the developing world. Similarly, the developing world is already bearing many of the Environmental burdens of industrialization and consumerism in the developed world. ’
Pollution transfer is one of the major threats to Chinese sustainability, even global sustainability. This problem is caused by the expansion of globalization and trade liberalization of Chinese agricultural products. The more frequently and widely the products are traded, the more serious “pollution transfer” is. As a result, it will have a negative impact on global sustainability eventually.
“Pollution transfer” problem in the globalization and trade liberalization of Chinese agricultural products refers to developed countries in WTO transfer their agricultural pollution which is often hard to govern at very huge costs to developing countries, China. The agricultural pollution usually is land pollution and forest pollution. Halberg et al. (2006) state ‘Eroded soils are often lost for productive agricultural use for a very long time, whereas soils that are regarded through loss of soil organic matter, soil compaction nutrient mining or
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