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p;which  contrast  along  a  given  semantic  scale  and  frequency function  in  a  coordinated  and  ancillary  fashion  such  that  they  become  lexically  enshrined  as ‘opposites’.” (Jones, 2002: 179) Next, it is necessary to give the definition of co-occurrence. By the way, discrimination is necessary to conduct  between  ‘co-occurrence’  and  ‘collocation’.  He  Jianle  (2010)  explains  lexical  co-occurrence  as  an important  linguistic  phenomenon  of  lexical  behavior  that  some  words  appear  together  in  certain  texts. Sinclair  (1991)  insists  that  ‘co-occurrence’  is  an  alternative  of  ‘collocation’.  Some  scholars  think  that  the concept  of  ‘co-occurrence’  is  broader  than  that  of  ‘collocation’  (Stubbs  1995).  Holtsberg  &  Willners  also distinguished the two  terms  in 2001.  In detail,  ‘collocation’  refers to the together existing  of two  or  more than two words in a fixed length in texts. While, ‘co-occurrence’ means the together existing of two words in a language unit, which could be phrase, sentence, passage and even text or corpus.  
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2.2 A critical review of related studies 
The  related  studies  mainly  focus  on  five  aspects:  1)  the  frequency  of  antonym  co-occurrence;  2) syntactical  structures  and  discourse  functions  of  antonym  c-occurrence;  3)  antonym  c-occurrence  and non-conventional  antonyms;  4)  the  sequence  rule  of  antonymous  pairs;  5)  cross-linguistic  research  of antonym c-occurrence. Among the four aspects, the second one is directly related with the present study.  The  first  aspect  is  about  the  frequency,  which  is  the  starting-point  of  antonym  c-occurrence  studies. Deese  (1964)  firstly  put  forwards  substitutability  hypothesis  through  lexicon  association  test.  The hypothesis insists that the opposite semantic relation of two antonyms is attributed from their semantic and syntactical  substitutability  relation  with  each  other  in  different  kinds  of  contexts.  Charles  Miller  (1989) extracts sentences containing one member word of any antonymous pairs, and let the subjects fill in blanks after gouging the one  member word. However, the results prove that the antonyms  can’t be substituted in most contexts in spite of the accordance rate of occurrence of one word between a certain antonymous pair. Therefore,  the  substitutability  hypothesis  is  disconfirmed.  Instead,  the  co-occurrence  hypothesis  is proposed. Through further demonstration, it is the first time to find that co-occurrence is a basic feature of antonymy, &n本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。