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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-06-30编辑:lgg点击率:4192
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摘要:Since transitivity has become a hot topic in linguistics, a lot of linguists, especiallyforeign linguists, analyze it from many different perspectives, in which functionalapproach on transitivity and cognitive approach on transitivity are the highlight in allthese researches.
Chapter One Introduction
Transitivity has been a hot topic for linguists from domestic and overseas all thetime. Much has been written about this grammatical phenomena of transitivity, forseveral reasons, the most obvious reason is that it is a central phenomenon in thestructure of human languages, and that it appears to be universal. It is also rather lessunderstood than the large amount of literature on the subject might suggest. A largenumber of definitions have been suggested but these terms are always used for syntacticconstructions without clarifying how they relate to the semantic definitions, especiallyfor Generative Linguistics which simply believe the transitivity is the coherence abilityof verbs and objects without any relation of meanings and the clauses.Transitivity in traditional view is understood as an object in which an activity‘transferred’ from an agent to a patient. Generative Linguistics divides verbs intotransitive verbs and intransitive verbs; clauses into transitive clauses with a direct objectand intransitive clauses without a direct object. The World Book Dictionary, LongmanModern English Dictionary and A New English-Chinese Dictionary all classify verbsinto these two types.Due to the binary nature of Generative Linguistics, there left many problemsunsolved by the traditional definition of transitivity, such as:Firstly, it believes that the clauses with objects all have the passive forms, however,in fact, not all the clauses with an object can be turned into passive forms while theintransitive clauses cannot;
Though these four sentences all have objects, they cannot be transformed intopassive forms. The verbs “lack, have, comprise and resemble” are all the static verbsshowing either a state or the relation of subjects and objects but not a transferred action,that’s the reason why the passive forms of these sentences is unacceptable.What’s more, the traditional approaches provide little explanation of middleconstruction which is a heated and complicated issue. There are two types of solvingmethods in Generative Linguistics: lexical redundancy rule and leftward movement rule,but both of them have defects. Lexical redundancy rule regards middle construction asbasic productive structure, and its relation with transitive structure should be describeby lexical rule in the lexicon, for example, “cotton cleans easily” to the verb “clean” isdescribed as [NP cleans Adv] in lexicon and the NP has the same semantic relation withNP in [△cleans NP] as well. The defect in this approach is that treating middleconstruction as a non-regular case neglects the semantic regularity of it and justshowing the facilitating or restraining functions produced by inherent features of thesubject to the event. This kind of treatment is just description not showing the realreason of this phenomenon, the differences of the semantic meaning and even thecharacteristics of the construction. On the other hand, leftward movement rule istransformed from the deep structure (Enond, 1976).
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Chapter Two Literature Review
2.1 Foreign Study on Transitivity
Since transitivity has become a hot topic in linguistics, a lot of linguists, especiallyforeign linguists, analyze it from many different perspectives, in which functionalapproach on transitivity and cognitive approach on transitivity are the highlight in al本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。