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lthese researches. These two approaches both attach attention to the study of transitivity,though they are from different perspectives. Functional approach regards transitivity asa semantic system showing ideational function, discussing the construal process ofhuman experience and syntactic realization from functional approach. While, cognitiveapproach analyzes meaning and grammatical features from the perspective of energytransfer by using the related theories in cognitive semantics and two models ofLangacker (2004) which are billiard-ball model and stage model. These two approacheshave many similarities in process categorization, syntactic explanation of transitivemeaning, so they are complementary to each other to a large extent. Halliday(2004), in its Functional Grammar, had made great contribution totransitivity by assuming it to a semantic system which describe the whole clause ratherthan just the verb and its objects. Halliday defined transitivity as a semantic system withthe function of categorize the going-on around us into several “process”, that is to say,categorize experience though grammar and point out the related “participant” and“circumstantial element” and their sequential relations in semantic is: participant+ process+ circumstance, these three elements have their own grammatical realizations.As with any linguistic categories, some cases will fall more neatly to a category,whereas others will be more marginal; and it is possible to identify more delicatesub-divisions within each category. He categorized the human experience into sixdifferent processes through transitivity: material process; mental process; relationalprocess; behavioral process; verbal process; and existential process. And he explainedthese processes respectively:
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2.2 Domestic Study on Transitivity
Except for these important studies of foreign linguists, there are also a largeamount of researches done by the linguists in China. Among them, some studies areextraordinary, particularly for the cognitive approach, thus this part will focus on someresearches from cognitive perspective. A lot of famous Chinese linguists analyze transitivity by using prototype theory,like Liu Zhengguang & Cui Gang (2005) with the view of transitivity as a grammaticalprototype, focusing on an analysis of different degree of verbs and middle constructionin particular. In their paper Grammatical Prototype and Transitivity (2005), they regardtransitivity as a grammatical prototype, though it is not natural material, it is the generalfeatures of human language and it represents the basic schema of human experience:cause and effect (Delancy, 1987). Lakoff & Johnson also prove this viewpoint by sayingthat cause-effect schema has a general significance when deal with the real world event.They hold the same view with Hopper & Thompson, which contains that transitivity isthe property of clause and context, not only the verb’s, so it means a process of anaction transferring from a participant to another participant. Gradually, transitivity hasbecomes a superordinate word, including transitive and intransitive, and some otherelements, thus it constructs a continuum from transitive to intranstivie. This continuuminvolves many parameters of noun phrases representing arguments, and many kinds ofpragmatic parameters, each of them showing a feature of transitivity. This paper lays asolid foundation of my dissertation and a lot of m本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。