Iraq’s Chemical Warfare Program
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2008-10-21编辑:点击率:3604
论文字数:530000论文编号:org200810211539258501语种:英语 English地区:英格兰价格:$ 22
关键词:IraqChemical Warfare ProgramRegime StrategyWMD TimelineIraqi Weapons
Contents
Key Findings ............................................... 1
Evolution of the Chemical Warfare Program................... 5
Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline ........................... 5
The Early Years, 1960-1980: A Slow Start.................... 5
The Chemical Corps and Al-Hasan Ibn-al-Haytham Research Foundation.. 5
Full Capability, 1981-1991: Ambition........................ 6
Foundation of the Al Muthanna State Establishment........... 6
Agent Production Begins and Al Muthanna State Establishment Takes Shape .................. 6
Early Weaponization: Simple Solutions....................... 8
CW—A Permanent and Pivotal Strategic Weapon................ 9
The Decline, 1991-1996 ..................................... 9
Destroying Iraqi Weapons ................................... 9
Recovery and Transition, 1996-2003.......................... 12
Miscalculation, 2002-2003 .................................. 13
Command and Control......................................... 14
Preamble: Muddling Through After the Gulf War .............. 14
Iraq Could Maintain CW Competence With Relative Ease........ 15
Infrastructure—Research and Development.................... 16
Creation of the Iraqi Industrial Committee ................. 17
The Power of the IIC ....................................... 17
The IIC’s Master Plan for Self-Reliance: The List of 1,000 Chemicals .................................... 18
Dual-Use Chemicals on the List of 1,000 Chemicals........... 18
Thionyl Chloride ........................................... 19
DCC......................................................... 19
Thiourea ................................................... 22
Chemicals From the List Move Toward Production.................................................. 22
Infrastructure—Production Capability.................................................. 23
State of Chemical Industry at OIF—Limited Break-Out Capability ......................................... 24
Weaponization............................................... 29
Suspect Munitions Activities ................................................. 29
Disposition of CW Munitions Post-1991 ....................................................... 29
The 1991 Decision To Destroy Undeclared Weapons .................................................... 31
Iraq Unilateral Weapons Destruction in 1991 ....................................................... 31
Destruction of Chemical Munitions, Bulk Agent, and Precursors ............................................. 31
ii
Chemical Munitions—Searching Military Depots and Caches ................................................. 33
Investigating Ammunition Supply Points ................. 33
Investigation .......................................... 34
Investigating Captured Enemy Ammunition Points (CEA Consolidation Points) ..................... 35
Annexes
A. IIS Undeclared Research on Poisons and Toxins for Assassination ................................................. 43
B. Al Muthanna Chemical Weapons Complex ....................... 61
C. The Iraqi Industrial Committee ..................................................... 85
D. Tariq Company’s Activities .................................................... 89
E. Al-Abud Network ....................................................... 93
F. Detailed Preliminary
Assessment of Chemical Weapons Findings ................................................... 97
G. Chemical Warfare
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