摘要:本文是一篇留学生的经济市场与国际化经营的经济学论文,在这篇文章中,我们将回顾三种不同类型的经济市场与国际化经营的宏观经济绩效。我们将以大型工业产业经济体(德国)为起点,然后是小型开放经济体(南非)和非三方地区的新兴经济体(巴拿马)。
FTAA). Panama has initiated formal negotiations pertaining to free trade agreements with numerous countries and regional groups (Offshoresimple, 2008). Moreover the country is been ranked as the first in Central South America for low cost of living, operational cost and indexes of labor by the Tripartite Committee, yet the political risk services placed Panama in the one of the top three countries with best risk free investment qualifications. In following footstep of Costa Rica's, Panama witnessed success by attracting foreign investors. Accordingly Many banks are finance foreigners, and Panama capital is the home to the second largest international banking center in the world next to Switzerland. The banking sector in the country got the most modern and successful internationalized center in Latin America, with more than 150 banks from 35 different countries. And by implementing an open economy policy, the country offered the lowest tariffs in the region, which has helped in increasing the foreign investment by both public and private sectors. In addition there are now almost more than 40 laws and decrees that offer investors special import, tax, and operational incentives. Some of the sectors that are benefiting from these incentives are tourism, export processing zones, mining, reforestation, insurance and re-insurance, agro-industry, petroleum free zones, infrastructure and construction. One of these law which is the Investments Stability Law guarantees all ※foreign and national Investors equal rights, with no special authorizations, permits or prior registration§ (Offshoresimple, 2009). While the real estate investments on the beach are popular, with resorts seeing more overall success than individual houses moreover foreigners have protection plus same rights as locals when it comes to purchasing and owning title property.
However there are some concerns in relation to property investment, these concerns are about complications of leaving property to their heirs, or to transfer the property to them, if it is in your name, then it's a long probate process. Panama's bureaucracy is slow and burdensome (nuwireinvestor, 2007).
2. South Africa:
2.1 Economic Profile:
South Africa is considered the most developed economy in the African Cotenant. Moreover South Africa witnessed a GDP growth of 5.1 in 2007 and 3.1 in 2008. Therefore and due to global market crisis South Africa economic performance dropped to -6.4 % in the total GDP for the first quarter of 2009. Manufacturing, Mining and quarrying contributed to this drop by -5 % and the rest goes to finance, real estate, business services, wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurants. Regardless the dreadful performance in mentioned sectors still construction & personal services doing very well (Statssa, 2009).
Moreover and due to global recession Impact and financial crisis on South Africa, house prices have been declining, along with vehicle sales. Accordingly manufacturing production has slowed, the mining sector is shrinking further, and cutbacks are on the increase. Unemployment hitting alerting percentage of 24 % (African.worldbank, 2008).
2.2 South Africa as target market for export:
South Africa has been a WTO member since 1995; moreover the country has signed many agreements with its trading partners in the past few years. Such agreements made this country to benefit
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