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4.1.1 Paratactic Projection

Example 3)is a paratactic projection.In Example 3),input spaceⅠcontains twoelements,which are“Mr.Cooper”and“speaking”.Input spaceⅡalso contains twoelements,which are“Mr.Cooper”and what Mr.Cooper says with his mouth.Specifically,what Mr.Cooper says is“By investing in nature,not only can we reduceextinctions,we can help address the climate issue.We can also have healthierlandscapes and healthier people”.The elements in the two input spaces are both relatedto the same person.One is the description of Mr.Cooper’s action and the other is theconcrete presentation of Mr.Cooper’s action.In short,spaceⅡis the specificexpression of spaceⅠ.Therefore,the input spaces are based on the same frame:Mr.Cooper says something.

3)“By investing in nature,not only can we reduce extinctions,we can help address the climate issue,”Mr.Cooper said.“We can also have healthierlandscapes and healthier people.”(New York Times,September 15,2020)

Chapter Five Conclusion

5.1 Major Findings

This study examines and contrasts the use of projections in the self-built Chineseand American ecological discourse corpora.The main findings are as follows:

Firstly,according to the analytical framework of this study,projections in theecological discourse corpus can be categorized into four kinds:paratactic projection,hypotactic projection,embedded projection and multilayered projection.Whenreporters construct different types of projections,the kinds of elements contained in theinput space are the same.The speaker and the act of speaking out are contained ininput spaceⅠ.The speaker and the specific utterance are contained in input spaceⅡ.However,the different types of projections involve diverse processes of conceptualintegration.When constructing paratactic projection,reporters make less effort todirectly combine the detailed words in input spaceⅡwith the speaker and the act ofspecking.Because of the directness of the integration process,the context of theprojected part is the occasion on which it actually occurs.When constructinghypotactic projection,reporters need to make more effort to combine input spaceⅡwith input spaceⅠin their words.Because of the indirectness of the projected part,thereal context of the projected part is destroyed to some extent.Therefore,the context ofthe projected part is transferred to the time when readers read the report.Whenconstructing embedded projection,reporters must make massive effort to understandthe projected information first;and then condense it into a noun expression;finally,reporters embed the condensed noun expression in the material to be emphasized,which has the effect of backgrounding the information contained in the noun beingembedded.When constructing multilayered projection,reporters have to selectively repeat these integrations,which involves the most effort.

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