英语论文网

rates for the time being, while uncertainties over the path of UK fiscal policy, plus the recent round of market pressures related to the Greek crisis also reinforce a stance of wait and see,' says Philip Shaw at Invested. The inflation report will be important in assessing how these factors stack up against what appears to be some disquiet on the committee surrounding the UK's disappointing inflation performance over the past year. The most recent inflation reading came in at 3.4%, well above the BoE's government-set target of 2%.

b) The causes of three different types of unemployment

Government agencies often are concerned with calculating the numbers of the unemployed, while economists are more concerned with the causes of unemployment. Economists often apply a three-way categorization of types of unemployment that are helpful in thinking about some of the major causes of unemployment.

Frictional Unemployment

Frictional (or search) unemployment merely reflects people’s transitions between jobs. The fact that some people are unemployed does not necessarily mean that there are no jobs available. In April 2006, for example, while 7.0 million people were looking for jobs, there were also an estimated 4.1 million job vacancies—that is, jobs looking for people! Even in a well-functioning economy, it may take many weeks for people and suitable jobs to find each other. An unemployment rate of 0% could only happen if everyone who wants a job always takes one immediately—within a week. Not only is this unlikely, this is also in some ways undesirable. Taking the first job offered is often not the best thing for the person looking for the job, nor for the economy as a whole. Everybody benefits if people take the time to find good job “matches”—places where their skills and talents can be put to valuable use. Because information about job openings takes time to find, and employers may want to spend time interviewing and testing applicants, making a good job match is not an instantaneous process. For the most part, economists don’t worry too much about frictional unemployment, because some amount of frictional unemployment—say, 2-3%—is inevitable and much of it tends to be short-term. Things like innovative web technologies for matching job offers to job seekers may reduce frictional unemployment by reducing search time. Many job seekers rely on state unemployment insurance programs to ease their income needs while they spend time searching for work. Unemployment compensation benefits are, in many states, set equal to half a worker’s earnings or a state-set maximum (whichever is less). Workers who qualify can usually receive benefits for up to 26 weeks. Part of the justification for these programs is to allow people the time to make good matches.

Structural Unemployment

Structural unemployment arises in an economy when a mismatch occurs between the kinds of jobs being offered by employers and the skills, experience, education, and geographical location of potential employees. One important cause of structural unemployment is sect oral shifts, where employment in some sectors falls while employment in other sectors rises. 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。