难民,跨国和国家
论文作者:Khalid Koser论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2016-05-03编辑:anne点击率:23823
论文字数:9626论文编号:org201605021332486612语种:英语 English地区:澳大利亚价格:免费论文
关键词:难民跨国主义国家临时保护
摘要:三案例研究的形式对本文实证的重点*人的临时保护欧洲的年代,寻求庇护者向欧洲走私,和贡献厄立特里亚跨国社区在国内冲突后重建。
一个在跨国主义的概念最重要的悬而未决的争论问题,国家权力受到挑战甚至被跨国过程。最近的研究,建立难民和跨国过程之间的相互作用,本文认为,难民和国家之间的关系,这些相互作用的影响。他们是否赋予难民以移动和进入目的地的权利,或者他们是否加强对其运动的控制?三案例研究的形式对本文实证的重点*人的临时保护欧洲的年代,寻求庇护者向欧洲走私,和贡献厄立特里亚跨国社区在国内冲突后重建。本文的结论是,在大多数情况下,跨国主义加强了国家控制而不是授权的难民。然后,它考虑了一些跨国的解决方案,可能有助于超越目前的僵局和双方的利益,难民和国家。One of the most significant unresolved debates around the concept of transnationalism concerns the extent to which state power is being challenged or even undermined by transnational processes. Drawing on recent research that has established interactions between refugees and transnational processes, this paper considers the implications of these interactions for the relationship between refugees and the state. Are they empowering refugees to move and enter destination countries, or are they reinforcing state control over their movement? Three case studies form the empirical focus for the article*the ‘temporary protection’ of Bosnians in Europe during the 1990s, the smuggling of asylum-seekers into Europe, and the contribution of Eritrean transnational communities to post-conflict reconstruction at home. The paper concludes that in most cases transnationalism has reinforced state control rather than empowered refugees. It then considers a number of transnational solutions that might help move beyond the current impasse and mutually benefit both refugees and the state.
Introduction 介绍
Asylum is under assault from states. In Europe, increasingly restrictive policies are criminalising asylum-seekers and marginalising refugees. In Australia, asylum-seekers are arbitrarily detained. In North America, refugee resettlement programmes have dried up in the aftermath of 11 September 2001. The international refugee regime is imploding as states abrogate their responsibilities. Or is it states that are under assault from asylum? In Europe, there are increasing numbers of asylum-seekers, growing proportions of whom are not ‘genuine’ refugees, and they are stretching the capacities of states to control their borders. In Australia, Khalid Koser is Research Fellow at the Brookings Institution and Deputy Director of the Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement.Koser where significant numbers of refugees still are resettled each year, stringent asylum policies are targeted on combating migrant smuggling and human trafficking. In North America, resettlement still takes place on a larger scale than elsewhere in the industrialised world, albeit at reduced rates. And the international refugee regime is over 50 years old, and increasingly irrelevant in the contemporary global political context. The vexed relationship between refugees and the state forms the focus for this paper. Its lens is the concept of ‘transnationalism’. The reason is that one of the most significant unresolved debates around this concept concerns the extent to which state power is being challenged or even undermined by transnational processes. Drawing on recent research that has established interactions between refugees and transnational processes, the paper considers the implications of these interactions for the relationship between refugees and the state. Are they lifting the assault on refugees? Are they reinforcing the assault on states? The paper is in three main parts. The first reviews some recent literature to highlight gaps in our understanding about the interactions between refugees, transnationalism and the state. The second draws on the findings of recent re
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