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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:学术文章 Scholarship Essay登出时间:2014-11-21编辑:Cinderella点击率:7727
论文字数:3689论文编号:org201411191851178994语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:Western countriesIslamicdifference文化冲突留学生论文
摘要:伊斯兰教国家向来被视作暴力、不合群、低卑的群体,还被视作西方世界的敌人。整个历史时期伊斯兰教国家都在为公平作斗争。伊斯兰国家与西方国家在政治、文化和宗教上的实实在在的不同导致了两方关系紧张化。本文试图探讨伊斯兰文化与西方文化的统一性与差异性。
Fundamentalism is “a certain way of looking at reality...in certain religious communities...individuals and...social movements” (Charon, 2007, p. 278). Both Charon (2007) and Ghadbian (2002) believe that fundamentalism appeals to people who disapprove of modernisation and those experiencing “horrible social conditions” (Charon, p. 278), i.e. poor socio-economic status, unemployment, poverty etc. Fundamentalists generally interpret religious scriptures and teachings as being free of error, and the literal truth.
Fundamentalist groups, as Charon touches on provides a group specific identity, protection from enemies/’infidels’ (most commonly the Western world), and boundaries which distinguish members from enemies. Thus, these groups provide Islam with a way to practice and maintain their identity, whilst defending itself from the West.
The rise in fundamentalist groups in the East (Islam) may be attributed to key factors such as poverty, oppression, quashing of traditions and religious beliefs. Islam (especially post September 11) have been portrayed through the media as suicidal fanatics who commit such heinous crimes in the name of their God. This is simply not true. In fact many Westerner’s would probably be unaware that the Quran opposes any form of attack/war on society: “The terrorist’s acts, from the perspective of Islamic law, constitute the crime of hirabah (waging war against society)” (Muslims against Terrorism, 2007).
Ghadbian (2002) discusses the link between Islam and violence, and believes that politics is related to violence. Ghadbian uses the example of the USA trying to find answers for Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait in the Qur’an to show how the West assumes that Islam (religious teachings; Qur’an) is related to the use of violence. The fact that the USA thought answers/justifications of Hussein’s actions could be found in the Qur’an emphasises the lack of knowledge of Islam, culturally and religiously, amongst the Western world.
If the East were responsible for helping the West form its identity (by means of comparison) then the West formed Eastern identity through its opposition to globalisation and modernism, which resulted in fundamentalism. Fundamentalism essentially resulted in the belief that Islam’s identity is characterised by violence.
It is important to establish how the perception that Islam’s identity is linked with violence has arisen. “The dominant view in the West assumes an affinity between Islamic values and the use of violence in the Muslim world” (Ghadbian, 2002, p. 91). This statement by Ghadbian sums up what is portrayed in modern Western media, and the ste本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。