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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:学术文章 Scholarship Essay登出时间:2014-11-21编辑:Cinderella点击率:7732
论文字数:3689论文编号:org201411191851178994语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:Western countriesIslamicdifference文化冲突留学生论文
摘要:伊斯兰教国家向来被视作暴力、不合群、低卑的群体,还被视作西方世界的敌人。整个历史时期伊斯兰教国家都在为公平作斗争。伊斯兰国家与西方国家在政治、文化和宗教上的实实在在的不同导致了两方关系紧张化。本文试图探讨伊斯兰文化与西方文化的统一性与差异性。
Huntington splits the world into several civilisations: “Western, Confucian, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic-Orthodox, Latin-American and possibly an African civilisation” (p.3). Huntington notes that Western conflict with Islam is far greater than any other civilisation, using examples to elaborate on his theory.
For example, conflict between the West (specifically the USA) and Orthodox & Latin-American civilisations is minimal because they are now willing to co-operate with the West. Whether it is because they simply cannot compete or because of the benefits the West has to offer. This can be seen by the inclusion of Mexico into the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), and the inclusion of Eastern European (Orthodox) countries into NATO.
India has seen a rise in nationalism, which Huntington refers to as “Hinduization” (p. 4); but still remain democratic. Interactions between the West and India are on good terms, and similarly, interactions with Islam are hostile. India’s negative interactions with Islam arise from clashes with Pakistan (who by majority are Muslim).
Huntington acknowledges that the most pronounced conflict of our time is between Western and Islamic civilisations (Quote?). In fact, there is no doubt that the relationship between the West and Islam is historical. According to Huntington conflict between the two civilisations dates at around about 1300 years; the Crusade Era. The Crusade Era was marked by shifting power, and confrontation of two civilisations (West and East) trying to assert their religion. It was at this time, according to historian Tomaz Mastnak that “Muslim became the enemy” (As cited in, Mamdani, 2004, p. 25).
Since the Crusades there has been a number of clashes; the Cold War, various Civil wars, the Afghanistan War, and the September 11 bombings. All of these are important because they show how cultural, religious, and political differences has led to a bigger divide between the two cultures, and subsequently, how identity was affected and/or formed as a result of these events.
The Cold War was characterised by the conflict between the Western World and the Soviet Union. This conflict arose by the Soviet Union’s decision to revolt against the West because of their ‘dominance’ and cultural differences. This decision encouraged and resulted in social fragmentation (Huntington, 1996; Malik, 1996; Barber, 2001). Fragmentation is defined as......
Islam (and many other non-Western civilisations) followed the Soviet Union’s decision in the search for equality and the right to political, social, and religious freedom. The idea that Islam’s identity is partly defined by resistance to modernism, globalism .etc, is reinforced by Castell, who states that “assertion of identity p本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。