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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:学术文章 Scholarship Essay登出时间:2014-11-21编辑:Cinderella点击率:7730
论文字数:3689论文编号:org201411191851178994语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:Western countriesIslamicdifference文化冲突留学生论文
摘要:伊斯兰教国家向来被视作暴力、不合群、低卑的群体,还被视作西方世界的敌人。整个历史时期伊斯兰教国家都在为公平作斗争。伊斯兰国家与西方国家在政治、文化和宗教上的实实在在的不同导致了两方关系紧张化。本文试图探讨伊斯兰文化与西方文化的统一性与差异性。
A lack of knowledge, stereotypes, and perhaps the impact of this war has led to the perceived dislike, racism, and discrimination against (French) Muslims today. More importantly though, what is portrayed through the media (the depiction of Islam) heightens and reinforces fear and insecurities that already exist amongst Western society.
Today France is seen as upholding a secular identity. For example, in 2004 the French Senate decided to ban the wearing or display of any overt religious symbol in State Public (Primary & Secondary) schools and most recently, the banning of the Burqa and Niqab in public. France argues that the decision to ban the Burqa is because it oppresses Islamic women, whilst Muslims argue that it is their (religious) right to wear it and it is racist.
Is France’s decision to ban religious ‘paraphernalia’ an attempt to uphold secularism, or is it something more sinister? Whilst one could argue that France is historically secular, the argument that Muslim’s make is equally as justified. Muslim people have every right to question these bans as it does, in essence, appear racist and contradictory. For example, France still celebrates religion specific holidays such as Christmas and Easter (Western/Christian holidays).
Like Malik, Huntington believed that cultural differences are the source of conflict between the West and Islam. Huntington’s ‘Clash of Civilisations’ proposes that the ‘next pattern of conflict’ will occur between cultures on the basis of culture, not ideologies or money. He believes that civilisations will clash because of differences (different cultural beliefs), the world is becoming ‘smaller’ (more and more non-Western civilisations are resisting modernisation), and social change is resulting in the separation of identity. Furthermore the West is at peak power, where no country can challenge them economically (except Japan), politically, or militarily.
Huntington (1996, p. 6) believes that the West run the world in a way that best suits and benefits them: “maintain its military predominance and to advance its economic interests”. This stance has evoked mixed reactions amongst different countries. Some have cut off all ties completely with the Western world in an attempt to run their country and pursue what is best for it. Others are band-wagoning (conforming to Western ways, ideas, and beliefs etc.) or ‘balancing’; forming alliances with other non-Western countries (militarily and economically) whilst preserving their own beliefs, traditions, religion, 本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。