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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:学期论文 termpaper登出时间:2014-11-20编辑:Cinderella点击率:9476
论文字数:4376论文编号:org201411181610116097语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:human rightsfood securityAfrica粮食危机英语论文
摘要:人权向来是全球关注的热点问题,其中粮食安全意味着人类基本生存的权利。非洲粮食危机依然是我们要面临的严峻的挑战。从根本来说,饥饿或者粮食危机都是政治问题,需要以政治手段来应对和化解。还需要全球范围的通力合作。
McCalla (2001) clearly observes that, Market reforms which were put across by the WB and the IMF as being the ideologically right development and growth path discarded views of government involvement. As a consequence, a great deal of the Sub-Sahara Africa was forced to decrease its involvements in the national economy, a move which incorporated stopping the subsidisation of the agricultural inputs for example fertiliser and also privatising the produce boards which set farmers prices and gathered the farmers' products. Ironically these handicaps have been further compounded by policies in the North—at the same time that African farmers have been told they can no longer have free seeds or fertilisers, McCalla, (2001) adds that, instead, the US and the EU have maintained and in fact highly increased support and subsidies for agriculture sector. A downstream result is that of the subsidised produce surpluses that undercuts the food prices of Sub-Sahara African in their home markets. This is somehow an inconsistency that wealthy countries greatly subsidise a waning agricultural sector that, at prime, contributes below 5%to GDP. (McCalla, 2001)
Conclusion
Africa has currently reached unparalleled crisis levels in terms of food shortages as several 38 million people in Africa face “an urgent and impending threat to their security, stability and peace in terms of right to food. However, it is not reasonable for the international community to put money at the crisis of extensive food shortage. Designed humanitarian aid and support an answer to this issue.
As Grunwald, (20003) states a more strategic and tactical approach is required in formulating and then implementing an effective global, national and also regional policies regarding food security. In dealing with the reasons, the fundamental of increasing structural disparities ought to affect better acknowledgment of the long-standing manner of adjusting approaches relating to food security. Good responses have to encompass food aid and fresh approaches to agriculture, besides prevention and also treatment of the HIV/AIDS victims. The WTO immediately requires to be reorganized to comprise the full involvement of the poorer nations, and it should be reorganized to offer more support. The Developing nations ought to benefit a lot from the elimination of trade barriers for produces in which these countries have a relative advantage, from decreased tariffs for the processed agricultural products, and also from better preferential accessibility to global markets for the most under-developed countries. (WFP, 2002)
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