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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:学期论文 termpaper登出时间:2014-11-20编辑:Cinderella点击率:9471
论文字数:4376论文编号:org201411181610116097语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:human rightsfood securityAfrica粮食危机英语论文
摘要:人权向来是全球关注的热点问题,其中粮食安全意味着人类基本生存的权利。非洲粮食危机依然是我们要面临的严峻的挑战。从根本来说,饥饿或者粮食危机都是政治问题,需要以政治手段来应对和化解。还需要全球范围的通力合作。
Environmental factors affect agriculture heavily, and in turn agriculture has a considerable effect on environment. There are growing reports of deforestation, land degradation, and water logging contributing to declining capacity of Sub-Sahara Africa to feed itself. (FAO, 2002
Whereas the concern of food security in Sub-Sahara Africa is directly related to climatic changes and unpredictability, climate is not the only determinant of harvest, nor is physical environment the single crucial thing in determining food security Sub-Sahara Africa. (FAO, 2002
Conflicts
Conflict and drought frequently interrelate very much; there are is an increasing number of fresh and deteriorating conflicts which are increasingly aggressive and prolonged, for example in Sudan and Chad almost all countries which has suffered drought in the last 20 years has also suffered a conflict at the same period. While Sub-Sahara Africa has experienced a lot of droughts in the past, they were usually managed with sound effectiveness. However, combination of conflict and famine has caused extensive suffering and death.
Conflict and political turmoil are main contributing aspects to food shortage, the effect being felt at family and national stage. At most agricultural activities are interrupted, however in prolonged conflicts such as Sudan and Somalia, production is destroyed. Additional direct economic consequences include price changes for essential commodities, closing of markets, poverty and dislocation, interruption of trade and aid movements. (World Food Summit, 2002)
Famine might not just be a side-effect of conflict; it might also be a tool of war. There are lots of cases in Sub-Sahara Africa of political interfering; some groups might be highly susceptible because of calculated unresponsiveness or even ill-treatment by the regime, added with absence of political authority of these groups. A lot of evidence in Sudan indicates extensive starvation as a result of aid organisations lacking to access those in needs, and also of intentional victimisation from the government. (World Food Summit, 2002)
There are also a lot of factors which aggravate emergencies that undermine the production of food and also economic accessibility to food. (World Food Summit, 2002)
Structural poverty
Widespread and utter poverty and starvation are worsening in sub-Saharan Africa, yet improving in almost all other regions. About half the total population of sub-Saharan Africa lives under the global poverty level, a higher proportion than anywhere else. Sub-Saharan Africa has got本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。