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1，作状语：相当于一个状语从句。现在分词的逻辑主语必须与主语保持一致。在句中可表时间、原因、让步、行为方式、伴随情况等，可转换为状语从句。
1）表时间：相当于时间状语从句
例如：Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.

      可转换成When I was walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.
考例：（2004北京）________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
        To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
答案：C 。现在分词的完成时作时间状语，强调having waited这个动作在主句谓语realized之前发生。
2）表原因：相当于原因状语从句

例如：Being ill this morning, Xiao Hong didn’t go to school.

     可转换成Because/As xiao Hong was ill this morning, she didn’t go to school.
考例：（2004广东）_______the programme , they have to stay there for another two weeks.

A． Not completing         B. Not completed
C. Not having completed    D. Having not completed
答案：C。现在分词的完成时作原因状语，强调not having completed这个动作在主句谓语have to stay之前发生。分词的否定形式总是“not+ing”，不能用D。

3）表让步：相当于让步状语从句

例如：Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.

可转换成Although he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.
考例：（2007陕西）______that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I’m abler than her.

A. To have said B. Having said   C. To say D. Saying
答案：C。现在分词作让步状语。逻辑主语即是主句主语。 Having said表示一个已经完成的动作。

4）表行为方式、伴随情况等：

例如：（2007天津）The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance， letting in the natural light during the day.
考例：（2007湖南）As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not______, and asked myself what I was going to do.

A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved
答案：B。not moving 在句子中作stood for a moment的伴随状语。

2．作定语：

现在分词作定语可置于被修饰的名词前，也可置于被修饰的名词后。置于被修饰的名词之后的现在分词相当于一个定语从句。表正在进行。
例如：The houses being built are for the teachers.

可转换成The houses which/that are being built are for the teachers.
考例：（2007全国2）At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ________could be heard outside the classroom.
A．opened and closed    B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed   D. to open and close
答案：C。书桌与现在分词所表示的动作为被动关系。用现在分词表示正在开和关。
注：现在分词的被动式只作定语不作状语。这是与过去分词的最大区别。

3.作表语：现在分词作表语，主语多为物，表某物具有某种性质特征。

例如：The film I saw yesterday was moving.

考例：（2002上海）It is believed that if a book is________, it will surely _____the reader.
       A. interested ; interest   B. interesting; be interested
C. interested; be interesting   D. interesting; interest
答案：D。现在分词形式interesting表示具有令人感兴趣的特征，主语多为物，过去分词形式 interested表示处于状态，主语通常是人。

4. 作补足语：表正在进行
例如：I heard her singing English song when I passed by her room yesterday.

考例：（2003全国）A cook will be immediately fired本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。