高考透视,疑难扫描 [2]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-14编辑:黄丽樱点击率:3426
论文字数:3906论文编号:org200904141850216635语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:高考难点分析方法交流内容
搭配形式,其中不定式表示想要做 的动作。但此句中but 连接的句子说明其实动作并没有发生,所以这里要用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,选 用B项。
13.The Olympic games, _______in 776BC, did not includewomen players until 1912.(’97NMET 17, Key:C)
A、first playing B、to be first played
C、first played D、to be first playing
简析:该题与’93MET31题考点完全一致。这里play 意为“举行”,及物动词,过去分词played与主语构 成逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动动作,在此用作非限制性定语。
二、非谓语动词疑难剖析
以上高考题例显示,非谓语动词考点都是就其最基本的内容与用法设计的,例如,非谓语动词用作补足语 ,用作状语,分别表示原因、条件、伴随情景等。但非谓语动词的形式、用法还远不止这些,如它们的否定式 、进行式、完成式、多种复合结构等等。掌握这些内容,对于全面把握非谓语动词,加深对动词意义的理解, 增强运用能力,并最终提高阅读能力,都具有重要意义。以下是对几个难点的探讨。
1.非谓语动词的复合结构
(1)不定式的复合结构:
其基本形式为“for (of)sb. to do sth.”,表达时,常使用it作形式主语,句型为“It is+adj.+for (of)sb.+to do sth.”。 这里不定式逻辑主语的引导词是学习中的难点。用for还是of 取决于前面形容词的 意义,一般情况下用for,但形容词为品质形容词时, 形容词后使用of,如kind,nice,careful,warm-hear ted等等。例如:
①It's too hard for a baby of 5 to walk so long a way.
②It's kind of you to help me with my English.
(2)动词-ing的复合结构:
这种结构的基本形式为“one's doing”,但所有格one's 在运用中有变化。规则为:①复合结构置句首 或在正式文体中,使用所有格。②动词-ing的逻辑主语带有后置定语、逻辑主语为不定代词、逻辑主语为名词 化的形容词、抽象名词等,使用普通格。③在非正式文体,尤其在口语中,不置句首时,常可互换。例如:
①Do you mind all of us coming together?
②His not coming in time made the teacher angry.
③I understand you/your refusing his offer.
④We hate the rich robbing the poor of their property.
⑤The noise of the desks being opened and closed could beheard out in the street.(S.B.Ⅱ.L. 8)
(3)与with构成的复合结构:
作状语,表示原因、伴随状态等,基本形式为with sb. to do /doing 以及 with sth. to do/done(be ing done), 分别表示尚未发生、正在进行、已经过去的主动或被动动作。例如:
①With so much work to do, he can't go out for play.
②With a native leading the way, we had no trouble infinding the village.
③With the lovely dog wounded in the accident, Mrs Cooperstill feels sad.
④We need more people and money with the key projectbeing carried on.
注:这一语法结构在去掉with之后,就可转化为独立主格结构,但此结构目前尚不属高考范畴。
2.非谓语动词用作补足语
在感官动词、使役动词之后,常用非谓语动词作补足语,其形式同样活泼多变。但补足语若为不定式,谓 语部分又为被动结构,则须保留不定式标志to。例如:
①The missing boys. were last seen playing near the river.(’94MET30)
②He rushed in and found something stolen.
③The boy was made to work for 12 hours a day.
④Don't have the horse running so fast, or it will gethurt.
注:使役动词后使用动词-ing结构,表示“驱使…一直做”或“听任…做”之意。
3.一些动词后的非谓语动词视其有无逻辑主语而形式不同:有逻辑主语时用不定式,而无逻辑主语时选择 动词-ing形式。请注意对比以下常用词的结构特征:
┌allow doing
(1)┤
└allow sb. to do
┌permit doing
(2)┤
└permit sb. to do
┌forbid doing
(3)┤
└forbid sb. to do
┌advise doing
(4)┤
└advise sb. to do
例如:
┌They don't permit smoking in the office.
①┤
└They don't permit us to smoke in the office.
┌Father doesn't allow going out at night.
②┤
└Father doesn't allow me to go out at night.
4.一些动词,后接不定式或动词-ing时,所表示的时间意义不同,不定式表示动作未发生,动词-ing形式 表示动作已经过去。例如:
①I told him of the matter again, for I forgot having methim after the accident.
②Don't forget to lock the door. It is not safe enoughhere.
5.一些动词,如try,mean,stop,get,send等,后接不定式或动词-ing形式,表示意义不同,试比较:
┌try to do“努力做”,含“不努力则难以完成”之意
(1)┤
└try doing“尝试做”,含“摸索方法”之意
┌mean to do“打算做”,含“有某种倾向”之意
(2)┤
└mean doing“意味着”,含“等同于”之意
┌stop to do“停下…去干…”,表示一动作停止, 另一动
│作开始
(3)┤
└stop doing“停止干…”,表示动作停止,不再继续
┌get sb. to do“请求某人做”,“说服某人做”
(4)┤
└get sb. doing“使某人开始做”
┌send. sb to do“指派某人做”
(5)┤send. sb doing “使某人(怎样)做”,表示
└动作开始后无法改变
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