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llow the narrator to go across America in that special period, getting a vivid impression of racial problem as well as individual problem of Americans. 1.2.2 Variation of Deictics In Invisible Man, Ellison also uses many other personal deictics. In the epilogue, the first paragraph, the narrator says, “So there you have all of it that’s important. Or at least you almost have it. (Ellison 2005: 572)” “You” in this sentence can refer to anyone who has listened to him about his life experience. Broadly, it refers to readers. What are those important? Readers will stop to think about it for a while. What have they listened to just now? Then, the narrator continues like this: I’m an invisible man and it placed me in a hole—or showed me the hole I was in, if you will—and I reluctantly accepted the fact. What else could I have done? Once you get used to it, reality is as irresistible as a club, and I was clubbed into the cellar before I caught the hint (Ellison 2005: 572). “You” in these sentences has a slight difference from the previous paragraph. “You” can be the narrator himself, which makes readers feel his hopeless. He has nothing to do except being invisible in a hole and he has been getting used to it. “You” also refers to readers, who will think about themselves. What will the y do in such a case? Will they prefer to live in the hole or do something else after experiencing so many inequalities as the narrator? In the second paragraph in the epilogue, the narrator says, “When one is invisible he finds such problems as good and evil, honesty and dishonesty, of such shifting shapes that he confuses one with the other, depending upon who happens to be looking through him at the time. (Ellison 2005: 572)” In this long sentence, the narrator uses “he” instead of “I”. “He” here can refer to himself, of course, because he is an invisible man. Also, it can refer to all invisible men. It is a universal phenomenon that all invisible men will encounter once when they decide to be an invisible man. Moreover, it refers to readers who will think about whether he or she is invisible or not. If the narrator used “I” to present what he finds the utmost difficulty instead of “he”, the sentence would like this, “When I am invisible I find such problems as good and evil, honesty and dishonesty, of such shifting shapes that I confuses one with the other, depending upon who happens to be looking through me at the time.” Obviously, there are not as many interpretations as using the third person pronoun. That is to say, Ellison chooses different deictics to broaden his themes. There is another example, the last paragraph, also the last sentence in this novel. “Who knows but that, on the lower frequencies, I speak for you? (Ellison 2005: 581)” At first, readers think that their purpose to read this book is to listen to a life story of a black man. After reading the last sentence, they will think twice that why the narrator speaks for them, not to them. It is just because everyone in the real world will undergo many obstacles and difficulties like the narrator. Ellison uses “I speak for you” to broaden the border of his work. After the publication of Invisible Man, it arouses a strong reaction in the field of American literature. Many scholars began to analyze it by different methods and theories. But there are rare researches which apply the systemic- functional grammar to analyze this novel. The next chapter does a theoretic framework of