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论文作者:英语论文论文属性:课程作业 Coursework登出时间:2014-08-13编辑:yangcheng点击率:14904
论文字数:5317论文编号:org201408061223502252语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:关联理论隐喻翻译研究TranslationMetaphors
摘要:本文是一篇澳洲语言学课程作业。隐喻的研究有着悠久的历史。据说亚里士多德最早使用隐喻的手法在其作品中,自此以后人们开始关注隐喻的现象。隐喻是所有的语言都常用的一种修辞手法,不仅在文学作品中存在,而且在日常对话中也很多。隐喻在某种情形下方便我们更好的沟通,同时留下模糊的认知障碍。一方面,正确使用比喻避免直接说话带来的尴尬。它使人际关系和谐。另一方面,隐喻的本质是谈论其他事情的形式,使用识别和理解隐喻并不容易。在一些极端情况下,隐喻的使用甚至破坏了沟通。因此,我们看到比喻沟通的重要性。作为一种交际行为,翻译应正确处理隐喻。
隐喻的研究有着悠久的历史。据说亚里士多德最早使用隐喻的手法在其作品中,自此以后人们开始关注隐喻的现象。
隐喻是所有的语言都常用的一种修辞手法,不仅在文学作品中存在,而且在日常对话中也很多。隐喻在某种情形下方便我们更好的沟通,同时留下模糊的认知障碍。一方面,正确使用比喻避免直接说话带来的尴尬。它使人际关系和谐。另一方面,隐喻的本质是谈论其他事情的形式,使用识别和理解隐喻并不容易。在一些极端情况下,隐喻的使用甚至破坏了沟通。因此,我们看到比喻沟通的重要性。作为一种交际行为,翻译应正确处理隐喻。
1.0 Introduction
The study of metaphor has a long history. It is said that since Aristotle’s time, people began to pay attention to the phenomenon of metaphor.
Metaphors are commonly used in all languages,not only in works of literature but also in everyday conversations. Metaphors bring indefinite convenience to our communication; meanwhile it leaves vague obstacles for cognition. On the one hand, proper use of metaphor avoids weirdness and anxiety of speaking something out directly. It makes interpersonal relationship harmonious. On the other hand, the essence of metaphor is to talk about other things in form of one and that makes recognition and comprehension of metaphor not so easy. Under some extreme circumstances, the use of metaphor even destroys a successful communication. Thus we see the importance of metaphor to communication. As one of communicative act, translation should deal with metaphor properly.
In order to improve Grice’s cooperative principle, Sperber and Wilson proposed their relevance theory in the book Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Though the theory was not aiming at translation, it offers scholars and translators a new cognitive perspective of translation. If we say that relevance theory was a cognitive linguistic theory to explain communicative act, later the application of relevance theory in translation is a reasonable extension consistent with its own cognitive function. Communication is ostensive-inferential by nature so that it could move on smoothly. As a cross-cultural communication, translation is also ostensive-inferential. Translators need to achieve optimal relevance when doing translation.
2.0 Metaphor and Translation
2.1 Definition of Metaphor
There are various explanations of metaphor:
Aristotle, a pioneer in metaphor study, gave a definition of metaphor in his Poetry and Rhetoric: “Tropes are the application of the name of a thing to something else” and he regarded metaphor as “the figuring trope of all tropes”. He took metaphor as a figure of speech which uses the name of one thing to denote another.
Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. IV, 1980) offers the definition that “Metaphor, figure of speech, that is, in its simplest definition, an implicit comparison between two unlike entities, as distinguished from similes, an explicit comparison signaled by the words ‘like’ or ‘as’. The distinction, however, is not simple. The metaphor makes a qualitative leap from a reasonable, perhaps a prosaic comparison, to an identification or fusion of two subjects, to make one new entity partaking of the characteristics of both. Many critics regard the making of metaphors as a system of thought antedating or bypassing logic.”
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