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evention does not refer to the true sense of the definition of prevention. That is, in many emergency scenarios there is no way to completely prevent, or eradicate the risk of an event occurring. Examples of these are things such as severe storms such as cyclones which affect Australia annually, or Bushfires. Prevention therefore refers more importantly to steps and procedures which need to be developed and implemented that prevent the damage and disaster of an emergency event from being severe or catastrophic and attempt to limit the negative effect. Prevention is a pro-active method of emergency management and is crucial in dealing with emergency situations, however this phase is not always given the great level of attention it deserves, leaving the re-active roles of response and recovery to become more severe.

5.2 Mitigation

Mitigation refers to the alleviation and lessening of the impact of something. In direct relation to emergency management, it is clear that this is an important factor when dealing with emergency situations as limiting their effects can save lives and property, diminishing its severity. Taking the correct steps to prepare and prevent an emergency situation from becoming a disaster is therefore an example of mitigation, such as tying down loose objects or evacuating in times of extreme weather.

Clipping trees down around electricity lines is an example of prevention, as it is an attempt to prevent the fire from occurring all together. The clearing of undergrowth and gutters, and having fire extinguishers on hand is an example of mitigation, where it is the effects of the fire, not the fire itself which is attempting to be lessened.

5.3 4 goals of prevention and mitigation

The four goals of prevention and mitigation attempt to contain the hazard, protect human life and property, restrict access and prevent the situation from occurring. The four goals of prevention and mitigation attempt, through the correct management, change the nature of the risk; reduce vulnerability to all affected to the risk, reduce exposure to, and where possible remove the risk completely (Manock, 2006).

5.4 Hazards approach

The all hazards approach refers to the considerations needed to be taken in relation to overseeing the great and diverse series of likely effects flowing on from all types of emergency situations. This approach is beneficial and insightful in relation to having an awareness of the degree that all emergency situations can adversely affect other situations, causing new emergencies and hazards within the community, creating new risks and having negative impacts on recovery.

The all hazards approach creates a prevention and mitigation strategy which can be directly applied to all hazards present, or that arise. This approach also means that all prevention and mitigation approaches can be applied universally and do not need to be reproduced for every incident repeatedly.

6.0 Prepared community

6.1 Requirements for prepared community

If in the unfortunate event that an emergency situation takes place, the best way to combat and mitigate its effects is to be prepared and ensure that all plans and resources are in place to create safety and support. This said, it is integral that the community that is directly affected by the emergency is prepared an