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s reason that controlling and monitoring at all levels is critical. Without the function of control, it is very hard to gauge the success of short-term and long-term plans and business activities can become shaky and off-beat very quickly. By successfully controlling and monitoring all of the business functions, any need for change or diversification can be made quickly and efficiently allowing the manager to meet all goals on time. Without control, a manager has no knowledge of what is happening around them (Bateman, 1990).

4.2 EM functions

The planning, leading, organising and controlling functions undertaken for an emergency manager are unique to this field, and relate to the management of these functions in relation to emergency prevention, preparedness, response and recovery. A current and suited example to illustrate this is the Living with fire joint agency initiative which sets out the management strategies and action plans which facilitates the successful use of the PPRR functions.

Prevention refers directly to the measures which are set in place and are designed to help avoid an emergency from occurring, or at the least buffer its affect. The living with fire initiative offers community programs and campaigns that teach the community about fire prevention procedures such as clearing and back-burning.

Preparedness refers to the ability to be actively equipped and organised to deal with an emergency, if one should arise. Once again, the Living with fire initiative focuses on preparedness by delivering frequent community preparedness meetings and having specially trained facilitators on hand to assist in the development of bushfire survival strategies.

Response to an emergency situation can be in the form of help during or after the event has occurred to those members of the community affected and reduce the impact of the emergency on society with a goal or eradicating the risk posed. The Living with fire initiative through its preventative and preparedness plans and media campaigns attempts to create a situation whereby everyone, from those directly affected to those giving aid, understand their role in the response (CFA, 2010).

Recovery can refer to the physical, monetary and mental recovery of those people and areas affected by an emergency. For example, the recovery effort following the Black Saturday Fires which devastated large areas of Victoria in 2009, was exemplary and through the creation of the Victorian Bushfire appeal, raised more than $378 million, paving the way for goods, services and personal to help in the successful recovery process (Red-Cross, 2009).

4.3 Linkage of 8 functions into EM framework

The 8 functions; planning, organising, leading and controlling; prevention, preparedness, response and recovery should all be integrated to form a structure whereby all elements work together to form the emergency management framework. The four managerial functions of POLC are used to create and develop successful PRRR roles. There should be no particular order or bias for where and when certain functions of the framework begin, as all are equally important, and too often the emergency management framework, to its detriment, focuses around specific elements, such as recovery.

5.0 Emergency Prevention

5.1 Prevention

Emergency pr