ay stay with some people for life.
3.2 Community structure and effects on communities
Community norms and the ways of life within them are created during times of structure and normality. Friendships are created, rules are formed and a level of comfort is produced which shapes the way a community operates and survives. During a time of emergency, this social normality is interrupted, and often the result is permanent. The loss of people within a community can have an effect on relationships and structures, while damage to property and the environment can force a completely new way of life to be created, using what is left or sourcing new opportunities. The economy, infrastructure, people and environment make up the physical aspect of a community, its spirit is what binds it. Any loss or damage through trauma or effects of an emergency has the ability to both negatively and positively affect the community, bringing it closer together or pushing it further away.
3.3 Effects on property, environment, infrastructure, economy
The effects of particular emergency situations vary, for instance a flood effects property, environment, infrastructure and the economy in different ways to a fire, but not necessarily in any less harsh terms. All of these are vulnerable to destruction and loss, however unlike human life, they can be replaced.
3.4 Why emergency management
Particular emergency events require particular emergency management and planning, there is not an infinite number or type of emergency situations. It is for this reason that certain emergency planning can be directed to particular events. By creating and having set in place an emergency management system, and contingency plan for specific situations, it is possible to mitigate and prevent, learn from and recover after and during all emergency situations.
4.0 Framework for Emergency Management
4.1 Management functions
There are 4 crucial management functions that all emergency managers are expected to exhibit. These are:
1. Planning
Planning can be for short-term or long-term goals. It involves the foundation of successfully achieving goals, and is the most fundamental and important management function. Planning involves developing and forecasting what is required to occur sometime in the future and subsequently creating action plans to facilitate this.
2. Organising
Organising requires the most effective and efficient use of business resources to ensure that the plans and goals of the business can be met. The co-ordination of the human resources, financial resources and other intellectual property is an integral part of reaching managerial efficiency and attaining the greatest level of success.
3. Leading
Leading is the most effective and important way of creating motivation and desire at all levels, and should always be done from the top down. The manager is the leader, and this requires leading by example, showing enthusiasm, setting an example, and showing people how and what needs to be done in all settings.
4. Controlling
The planning, organising and leading functions of management, whilst being integral to managerial and business success, do not always work successfully first time, every time. It is for thi
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