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o buy medicines at their own expense. Because some medicines are quite expensive, some people did not complete their treatment. Therefore, the positive impact on medicines could be associated with the possibility of receiving complete medical treatment.

 

d) Is it a matter of time?

 

Perhaps the failure to find significant impacts of remittances on human development outcome variables is due to the time it takes for a change in consumption or other expenditure to materialize as human development improvements. Using the data appended to the LSMS we get an idea of the length of time during which people have been receiving remittances. Table 19 shows the results by quintiles of income. On average, people in Ecuador have been receiving remittances for about six years. Approximately 85% of people who receive remittances in Ecuador have been receiving them for more than three years, and only 15% for less than three years. While this could be time enough to yield some positive effects on human capital variables, we cannot yet observe significant differences in human capital outcome variables.

 

Conclusions

 

The main conclusion of this paper is that remittances do not have a significant impact on long-term human development outcome variables.

 

This result is supported by the impact evaluation carried out in section 3. In the first place, remittances have no impact on education and health performance indicators. They do, however, have an impact on consumption and, more precisely, on education and health expenditures. Secondly, we find significant effects of remittances on the transfer of children from public to private schools, although performance indicators of private schools register only slightly better than those of the public system. Thirdly, we find that people receiving remittances purchase more medicines and are more likely to undergo complete medical treatment when sick than those not receiving remittances. Overall, this could mean that remittances have a positive and significant effect on reducing short-term poverty, but no effect on expanding people’s long-term capabilities.

 

In general terms, our results do not coincide with those found at the international level (World Bank, 2006; Adams and Page, 2005) or at the regional level (Acosta et al., 2007a and b; Fajnzylber and López, 2007; InterAmerican Dialogue, 2007). In the first case, apart from the fact that these studies analyze global trends that can obscure wide disparities among countries and regions, we should bear in mind that they are generally based on official statistics. As shown in the second section, these sources may overvalue, for certain countries, the exact amount of remittances. Although remittances seem to have a positive effect on Latin American development, regional analyses point out that significant differences exist from one country to another. For instanc本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。