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Other uses that could have a significant impact on development, such as saving or investing in a business, register almost zero. It can be said that remittance recipients tend not to save this income, regardless of their quintile. Saving rates vary from 1.99% in quintile 4 to 4.79% in quintile 5. Actually, the fact that quintile 4 (the group receiving the highest proportion of remittances) saves less than any other is very revealing of the role that remittances play in Ecuador. Meanwhile, quintiles 1, 2, and 3 don’t use remittances to invest in businesses. This heading, which is the lowest proportional option for remittance end-use in Ecuador, is concentrated in quintile 5.

It is difficult to say whether these results are consistent with Bendixen’s previous analysis (2003) on the use of remittances in Ecuador, as the end-use headings in the Bendixen paper are broader: daily spending, long-term investment, and luxury goods. However, we can locate two differences: Bendixen identifies a higher proportion of long-term investment (22%), and the same study observes a decline in daily expenses –rent, food, medicine– and an increase in investment and luxury products as the income goes up. Again, these differences can be explained by methodological differences, by changing patterns in remittance use, or by both.

According to Orozco (2005), Ecuadorians receiving remittances from the United States spend less in coping with basic household needs than does the overall population. This might indicate higher income in households receiving funds from the United States, which would be consistent with Ecuador’s migration patterns. [21]

3. What is the impact of remittances on social development?

a) Identification strategy

To evaluate the impact of remittances we take advantage of the fact that migrants receive remittances through formal banks and money-transfer companies. Using the data annexed to the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS), we found that individuals receiving remittances preferentially use the institutions reported in Table 4, which differentiates banks and money-transfer companies. The formal banks most used to receive transfers are: Banco Bolivariano, Servipagos, Banco del Pichincha, Banco de Guayaquil, Banco del Austro, and Produbanco. These account for 90% of total remittances received through the formal banking system. At the same time, Delgado Travel, Western Union, and Money Gram account for 87% of total of remittances received through money-transfer companies. In this regard, the probability of receiving remittances will be higher among those living in a parish where any of these financial intermediaries are located. We assume that the presence of these institutions is not related to the outcome variables 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。