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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2014-09-11编辑:felicia点击率:27131
论文字数:14744论文编号:org201409091320515525语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:外国直接投资Foreign Direct Investment资本来源商业贸易source of capitaleconomic growth
摘要:美国留学经济管理专业论文怎么写?看看这篇文章你也许就会心中有数。本文以资本和经济增长的重要来源为例,首先简要分析了外商直接投资的作用和意义,进而分析其在当今商业贸易中的重要作用。通过阅读下文,相信你一定会对论文写作心中有数。
2.2.4.4Tax
The literature remains fairly uncertain regarding whether FDI may be sensitive to tax incentives. Some studies have shown that host country's corporate taxes have a significant negative effect on FDI flows. Others have reported that taxes do not have a significant effect on FDI. Hartman (1994), Grubert and Mutti (1991), Hines and Rice (1994), Loree and Guisinger (1995), Cassou (1997) and Kemsley (1998) find that the host country's corporate income taxes have a significant negative effect on attracting FDI flows. However, Root and Ahmed (1979), Lim (1983), Wheeler and Mody (1992), Jackson and Markowski (1995), Yulin and Reed (1995), and Porcano and Price (1996) conclude that taxes do not have a significant effect on FDI. Swenson (1994) reports a positive correlation. The direction of the effects of the above-mentioned determinants on FDI may be different. A variable may affect FDI both positively and negatively. For example, factors such as labour cost, trade barriers, trade balance, exchange rate and tax have been found to have both negative and positive effects on FDI.
The elements of the overall policy framework are economic freedom and political stability, as well as regulations controlling the entry and operations of multinational corporations. Business facilitation is represented by the administrative procedures, FDI promotion (e.g. facilitation services) and FDI incentives (Dunning, 1998). This political stability is not relevant for this case study as the study concerns FDI between two developed countries, with quite similar stability and tax systems. This is also mentioned by Galan and Benito-Gonzales (2007).The previous literature shows the impact of government policies, including investment incentives, on FDI inflows into a host country (Dunning, 2002). Though investment incentives are considered another determinant for FDI, the recent paper by Blomstrom and Kokko (2003) suggests that investment incentives alone are generally not an efficient way to increase FDI.
2.2.5 Cultural & social factors
This paragraph contains the last location factors that could influence the location choice, the determinants that are reviewed are culture and the quality of life.
2.2.5.1 Culture
When a company decides to invest in a host country the cultural distance between the countries is important to recognise. Research shows that if the host country culture is similar to the entrants culture, the entrant already have valuable information on how to behave on the new market, and the opposite if the culture differs in many areas (Makino, 2004). Moreover, Calhoun (2002) means that attention when choosing 本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。