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arize the key features presented in both the translation itself and its accompanying paratexts. By doing so, we can gain insight into Watson’s unique style as a translator and how literary variations reflect his own voice. Overall, this critical analysis will provide valuable insights into how translations can vary depending on factors such as language, culture, and individual interpretation. 

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Previous Studies on the English Translation of Shiji

Despite its significance in Chinese history and culture, the Shiji is not well known abroad, particularly in Western countries. In consideration of that, this section will conduct a comprehensive review and analysis of current research on the Shiji to provide better theoretical support for our thesis based on previous studies.

2.1.1 Overseas Studies on the English Translation of Shiji 

August Pfizmaier (1808-1887), an Austrian sinologist, translated 24 volumes of Shiji in German, which was the first translation of Shiji in the west. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, European sinologist Emmanuel Édouard Chavannes (1865-1918) translated all the biographies/accounts chronological tables, treatises, and most of the hereditary houses in the Shiji. In the 1960s, Les Mémoires historiques de Se-ma Ts’ien reissued by Adrien Maisonneuve after the first drafts of Édouard Chavannes had been collated, including volumes 51 and 52 translated by Max Kaltenmark, the introduction by Paul Demiéville, the general catalogue and the translation directory of Shiji written by Timoteus Pokora since 1905. 

In addition, as early as the 7th century, Shiji was brought to Japan. In Korea, Japan and other countries deeply influenced by Chinese culture, traditional scholars have no barriers in reading and writing Chinese and have always accepted Shiji to a high degree. Although some works have not been translated into Chinese, they are of great significance to the study of Shiji. For example, Shiki Kaichū Kōshō by Takigawa Kametaro, published by the Tokyo Institute of Japanese Oriental Culture from 1932 to 1934. It is considered to be a comprehensive collation of Shiji, and it is also the base of Watson’s English translation of the Shiji and an important ST reference for this study. 

2.2 A Review on Watson’s Records of the Grand Historian

Seven decades have passed since the first publication of Watson’s translation in the 1950s, and there have been numerous reviews and studies on the book. This thesis will review and sort out the studies of important scholars at home and abroad in chronological order, so as to discover the shortcomings of previous studies, grasp the latest research directions, and deeply grasp the research dynamics of Watson’s translation on the basis of the previous ones, in order to provide a solid and comprehensive academic reference for this study. In terms of foreign studies, because of the early publication of Watson’s translation and its reprinting in the 1990s, studies on Watson’s translation have focused more on its evaluation or comparison with other translations, and very few studies have been conducted to analyze it comprehensively. Currently, 7 translations (including reprints) of Watson’s English versions of the Shiji have been published, as detailed in the table below, all by Columbia University Press in本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。