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Later,many researchers started to define TOA.(e.g.Budner,1962;MacDonald,1970;Norton,1975;Chapelle&Robert,1986;McLain,1993)Budner（1962:29）defined TOA as“the tendency to perceive ambiguous situations in adesirable way”.Besides,he classified ambiguous situations into three types:new,complex and conflicting situations,and there are three features in these ambiguoussituations:novelty,complexity,and insolubility.MacDonald(1970)further explainedthe definition of TOA.People with a high TOA,he says,are better able to deal withambiguous and complex situations.Norton（1975:608）believes that ambiguoussituations can be divided into eight types.According to him,ITOA is defined as'atendency to perceive or interpret information marked by vague,incomplete,fragmented,multiple,probable,unstructured,uncertain,inconsistent,contrary,contradictory,or unclear meanings as actual or potential sources of psychologicaldiscomfort or threat'.

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework ........................... 24

3.1 Monitor Theory ............................. 24

3.2 Information Processing Theory ...................... 25

Chapter Four Methodology .......................... 27

4.1 Research Questions ............................. 27

4.2 Participants ............................... 27

Chapter Five Results and Discussion ................................. 46

5.1 General Situation of the Participants .......................... 46

5.1.1 General Description of the Participants’ Listening and TOA Level ....................... 46

5.1.2 Overall Situation of the Participants’ Listening Strategies Use . 48

Chapter Five Results and Discussion

5.1 General Situation of the Participants

5.1.1 General Description of the Participants’Listening and TOA Level

Before the experiment,the experimental class and the control class were testedfor listening level,and the results were analyzed by SPSS.The results are shown inthe following table.

It can be seen from the above table that there is no significant difference in thepre-test scores between the experimental class and the control class(p>0.05),whichmeans that the listening level of the two classes is equivalent.

Chapter Six Conclusions

6.1 Major Findings of the Research

This study focuses on the relationship between TOA and junior high schoolstudents'English listening strategies use,the influence of English listening strategiestraining on junior high school students'use of listening strategies under the differenceof TOA,and the influence of such listening strategies training on improving juniorhigh school students'English listening performance.The following conclusions canbe drawn from this study.

Firstly,by investigating the TOA of junior high school students and the use ofEnglish listening strategies of junior high school students,the author finds out therelationship between the two.The result shows that the situation of TOA of juniorhigh school students is not optimistic.At the same time,there are significantdifferences in the 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。