essay about learning [2]
论文作者:英语论文网论文属性:学术文章 Scholarship Essay登出时间:2015-05-15编辑:wangjinjin点击率:5206
论文字数:1229论文编号:org201505111435024502语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文
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摘要:本文主要探究学习与记忆的双重应用,学习与记忆是很吸引人的,这个世界缺少两者中任何一个都不能发挥作用,通过各种不同的实验与任务来说明学习与记忆结合的重要性与研究意义。
elplessness represents a lack of contingency between any number of attempted responses and an uncontrollable aversive outcome. Prolonged experience with stressors that cannot be controlled may result in passiveness. This “learned” passivity in one situation may transcend many other situations involving aversive stimuli, whether the aversive outcome is actually avoidable or simply inevitable and unpreventable. Learned helplessness results in emotional stress, depressed motivation and most importantly a negative cognitive belief surrounding uncontrollability. A few years past I experienced a bout of depression and it was a time in my life that I would characterize as being very inescapable, I just could not see the light at the end of the tunnel. My encounter with depression and the difficulties I overcame appear to parallel the theory of learned helplessness. Treatment of depression is amazingly similar to the “unlearning” of learned helplessness as well. Many of the people with whom I worked used the term “Fake it until you make it!” Essentially this meant to try to overcome the very things that cause one to feel helpless and one may be pleasantly surprised that responding to an aversive circumstance can have a positive affect on the current situation. I learned that I did have control over my life and that all was not hopeless. This cognitive behavioral
strategy that is used to council the depressed appears that it would also be effective in changing learned helplessness. An organism can be trained in assertiveness by being forced into action. It will then learn that responding is not actually hopeless and the outcome can really be quite reinforcing. The organism will also learn that putting forth effort is not ineffectual and this change in belief is quite crucial to ending learned helplessness.
Additionally, since enrolling in The Psychology of Learning and Memory class I have put a good deal of thought into serial recall. This is almost embarrassing to admit but I will ask my friends and family to name a series numbers and then many minutes later I will recall them in that same sequence to practice my memory skills. I find that my memory for series of numbers appears to be quite good. I have different numerical codes for various computer passwords, the telephone, and my bike lock and so the list continues. From the class I realized that I have been using certain tricks to remember all my important number codes and these tricks have been very helpful to my memory. For the first memory trick I keep the first and last numbers in a list the clearest in my mind. I now know this concept as the serial position effect where the first and last numbers in a list are learned more quickly and forgotten more slowly than the numbers in the middle of a list. Then, to improve me recall of the numbers in the middle of the series I use the trick of paired associations. I couple up all the numbers that are not located at the ends of the list. I envision one of the numbers in the middle of the list as a stimulus that enables me to respond with a paired number next to it in the middle of the list. This means that I really only have to remember half of the numbers in a list. Finally, to remember the numbers in a list even better I use mnemonic devices. Mnemonic devices are strategies that can be used to enhance recall. I form a relationship between a to-be-remembered number and a number that already has a personal meaning. An example o
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