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orily will bethe basis for the development of business and further coopera-tion.The satisfactory fulfillment of the contract by both partieswill be the basis for the development of business and further co-operation.(名词化结构)4)被动结构转换成名词It has been agreed that Party B may use the trademarksowned by Party A for the sale of the Washing Machines coveredherein within the validity.An agreement has been made that Party B may use thetrademarks owned by Party A for the sale of the Washing Ma-chines covered herein within the validity.(名词化结构)5)副词与动词一起转换成名词词组The quality, quantity, condition and/or weight of thegoods ordered by the buyer shall strictly conform to the Contractstipulations.The quality, quantity, condition and/or weight of thegoods ordered by the buyer shall be in strict/exact conformitywith the Contract stipulations.(名词化结构)

(七)名词重复率高,代词使用率低为了避免合同双方可能发生的歧义、误解、矛盾甚或争端,商务合同英语宁可采用名词重复的手段来确切地说明是“什么”或者“谁”,也不用代词指代,真可谓宁可牺牲文字的流畅也要保持文意的确凿性。其风格明显有别于普通英语。例如: The Buyer has the right to lodge a claim against the Sellerand all the expenses incurred therefrom shall be borne by theSeller. The claim mentioned above shall be regarded as beingaccepted if the Seller fails to reply within 15 days after the Sell-er received the Buyer’s claim.上述例句一共有50个单词,但是the buyer出现了两次,claim出现了三次,而the seller竟然出现了四次,足以说明名词的重复率之高。

四　语篇特征合同语言高度程式化。一般而言,合同都采用从总则到条款的先宏观后微观的语篇结构,这有助于为当事人创造理解文本内容的语篇语境。另外,就整体结构形式而言,商务合同英语采用了分条列款的形式,平行性条款结构使用极为频繁。这种平行结构呈现出各种层次,有单词或词组之间的平行性结构,也有从句甚或段落之间的平行性结构,具有层次清晰、前后衔接、相互照应、结构对称、脉络分明、节奏明快等特征。例如:Article 47 Following items shall be covered in the financialaccounts books:1)The amount of overall cash receipts and expense of thejoint venture company;2)All material purchasing and selling of the joint venturecompany;3)The registered capital and debts situation of the jointventure company;五　结语在考察英语的变体时,应从使用英语的不同社会情境特征(socio-situational features)入手。其中从语言使用者对语言的使用(the user’s use of language)角度来看,社会情境特征主要涉及到交际目的等因素,不同的交际目的正是决定使用不同的文体的决定性因素。商务合同英语正是为了准确严密地规约当事人的权利、义务和责任而采用的一种文体形式,它本身并不具有独立的词汇或语法系统,与其他形式的文体(如科技或广告英语)并无任何本质差异。研究商务合同英语的文体特征,正是研究商务合同英语在词汇、句法及篇章等方面所表现出来的独到之处,其最终目的就是为了作到恰当、得体、准确地使用商务合同英语。同时,商务合同语言的使用仍遵从一般的语用原则,但侧重于“严谨”、“准确”,也即“质准则”和“量准则”,这就便于维护当事人的合法权益,不致因语用不当导致一方不应有的损失。

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