英语论文网

cademic writing in order to improve L2 students’ academic competence andpromotes Chinese learners’ interactional awareness in the academic communication.
.......

Chapter Two literature review

The expression of stance is recognized as an important feature of language use indiscourse. Thus, this chapter presents a clear description of previous studies on researcharticles and stance bundles. Section 2.1 gives an overview of research articles, includingits generic features and structure. Section 2.2 provides a detailed look at the lexicalbundles, including its definition, essentials and empirical research on lexical bundles.Section 2.3 discusses the related literature on stance bundles, in which its definition,identification, structural and functional categories are described. Previous studies onstance bundles are also given. The literature reviewed in this chapter provides thetheoretical basis and framework for present study.

2.1 An Overview of Research Articles
Genre has been drawing the attention of scholars in different linguistics traditions. Inthe years, there are mainly three genre analysis traditions. In North Rhetorical study,Miller (1984)①takes genre as “typified rhetorical actions based in recurrent situations” .This view is from sociocognitive perspective and rhetorical situations are seen as thebase of rhetorical actions. In the SystemicFunctional genre study, Martin (1997)②views genre as “the staged goaloriented social processes through which social subjects ina given culture live their lives”. This view is grounded on the core of functionalism,which claims language form is greatly related to the functions it performs. Therefore,genre can be regarded as instances of social processes, performing a broad of actions.Martin’s definition enriches our understanding of genre by showing how social purposesare linked to text structures and how language resources are realized as social actions. InEnglish for Specific Purposes study represented by Swales, who proposes that genre is “aclass of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicativepurposes” (Swales, 1990:58). From this view, genre involves the use of language tocommunicate something to someone in some contexts for some purposes. It is thecommunicative purposes, which are greatly related to the shared community goals,provide the rational for a genre and shape its structure and influence its language choice.
.........

2.2.1 Lexical Bundles
For years, the study of frequent word combinations has become the focus of linguists.Linguists have used different terms to describe frequent word combinations: lexicalizedsentence stems (Pawley&Syder,1983), lexical phrases (Nattinger&De Carrico,1992),formulaic sequences (Wray,1999;2000;2002), lexical bundles (Biber, et al.,1999) etc.Firstly, Firth focuses on the study of recurrent word combinations. And he uses“collocation”, along with the famous slogan‘you shall judge a word by a word by thecompany it keeps’ to describe lexical patterns (Firth,1951)①. This pattern offers us thatword forms often cooccur in longer sequences, which are frequently used in language. Asignificant step in the study of recurrent word combinations is made by Biber, applyingcorpus methods to identify them. Biber, et al. (1999:992) termed these recurrent wordcombinations as “lexical bundles” and defined them as “combinations of words that occurrepeatedly with a