摘要:The literature review has now been completed and also most of the information for the Date Analysis Chapter in the Final Dissertation report has been collected, such as books, journals, website information and journals. Everything required for the Dissertation Interim Report is now complete.
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The concept of ‘Value Analysis’ was introduced by Lawrence Miles in the 1940’s. Miles, a Purchase Engineer working for the General Election, had to find ways to tackle the material shortages which was due to the Second World War. Miles sought to find alternative materials that would provide the same function. This proved effective as Miles found that many of the alternative products he was finding were of an equal, if not better quality than that originally proposed. In addition to this he found that many of these alternatives were at a lower cost. Dallas (2006) states that a short while later, people realised that not only did the technique provide a way to substitute alternative materials but it was also an excellent way to reduce costs while still maintaining the necessary functionality. This system would involve ‘value’ and ‘analysis’ and based on this Miles developed the definition of ‘Value Analysis’.
“An organised approach to providing the necessary functions at the lowest cost.”
Kelly, J.R. & Male, S.P. & Graham, D. (2004) Value Management of Construction Projects.
To further enhance this Miles provides further definition:
“Value Analysis is an organised approach to the identification and elimination of unnecessary cost.”
Kelly, J.R. & Male, S.P. & Graham, D. (2004) Value Management of Construction Projects.
• Key Principles of Value Management
The institute of Value Management states that the key principles of Value Management are different from other styles of management in that they include attributes that are not normally found together:
Management Style
• Emphasis on teamwork and communication
• A focus on what things do, rather than what they are (functional approach)
• An atmosphere that encourages creativity and innovation
• A focus on customer’s requirements
• A requirement to evaluate options qualitatively to enable robust comparisons of option
Positive Human Dynamics
• Teamwork – encouraging people to work together towards a common solution
• Satisfaction – recognizing and giving credit
• Communication – bringing people together by improving communication between them
• Fostering better common understanding and providing better group decision support
• Encouraging change – challenging the status quo and bringing about beneficial change
• Ownership – the assumption of ownership of the outcomes of Value Management activities by those responsible for implementing them
Consideration of External and Internal Environment
• External conditions – taking account of pre-existing conditions external to the organisation over which managers may have little influence
• Internal conditions – within the organisation there will be existing conditions which managers may or may not be able to influence
• Degrees of Freedom – the external and internal conditions will dictate the limits of potential outcomes and should be quantified.
Effective Use of Methods and Tools
• Means of achieving outcomes
The Institute of Value Management [online} Accessed on 18 July 2007
From this we can see that Value Management brings Construction teams together and ge
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