Political Thinkers Hobbes
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关键词:Political Thinkers Hobbes政治思想家霍布斯Thomas HobbesJohn Locke
摘要:There have been numerous great thinkers across the expanse of modern civilisation with countless different subjects at the centre of their thinking, many of these thinkers, directly or indirectly, have had an affect or have inspired change towards political thought.
A comparison of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke’s main ideas, the extent to which their thinking can be applied to political thought today and the possible significance it has.
There have been numerous great thinkers across the expanse of modern civilisation with countless different subjects at the centre of their thinking, many of these thinkers, directly or indirectly, have had an affect or have inspired change towards political thought.
Political thought finds its foundations in ancient Greece and its city states, notably Athens, and the many different political structures employed and developed by them. Prominent thinkers from these times such as Plato and Aristotle and their books The Republic and
Politics respectively, were some of the first minds to shape, debate and disagree about political ideas and have observably influenced one great mind after another.
It quickly came to light the importance and magnitude political thinking had, and undoubtedly would have, on the world for, likely, the rest of civilised existence. Later prominent thinkers include names such as N. Machiavelli who was around during the European Renaissance period and, in his works The Prince (1513)and The Discourses on Livy (1517), put forward a lot of ideas particularly regarding how to gain then maintain power and the benefits of a republic society. J.J. Rousseau, J. Locke and T. Hobbes did much for the development of ideas about the social contract with work on how and why humans left the “state of nature” and formed societies and the implications of them doing so and what the ideal state would be.
Karl Marx was a more contemporary political theorist who’s works The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital described how modern society, especially capitalism, was the result of class struggle through
history and he is often labelled the ‘father of communism’. All these great thinkers across time have had ideas and put forward theories that developed political thinking in their times, but how far their ideas can be extrapolated on to how we think about politics now raises issues.
To look at the question of if and how we can learn from political thinkers from earlier eras and their different approaches to political thought I will be using Thomas Hobbes and John Locke as examples. I will look at some of their main political ideas, any similarities or disparities that arise between these ideas and to what extent they can be applied to an issue in today’s world.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an Oxford educated English philosopher who was influential in a range of academic spheres, including philosophy, history, geometry, theology, ethics, and most importantly for us, politics. His most important works concerning political thought are De Cive (1642) and Leviathan (1651). John Locke (1632-1704) was also and English philosopher and was also Oxford educated.
Whilst at Oxford he showed less interest in the classical philosophers such as Aristotle and much preferred the ideas of the more contemporary philosophers to his time such as Descartes. He also showed great interest in medicine studying it extensively during his time at Oxford and after he had attained his original bachelor’s and then master’s degree he gained a bachelor’s degree in medicine. Locke’s works The Two Treatises of Government (1689), A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689)and Treatise on Civil Government (1690) stand out as significant in terms of political thought.
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