mputerization process of G-7 countries. Also, Roland Robertson (1992) and Gary Teeple (1995) have researched about the globalization process of advanced western societies. Now, in order to point out the East and Southeast Asian globalizations, besides showing the influence of them, this paper will focus on the structural change and on the labor market in those countries.
II. Literature Review 文献综述
2.1 Definition of Globalization
As mentioned in our class text book “Schermerhorn Management” from Schermerhorn (2005, 6-7,113), the Japanese management consultant Kenichi Ohmae (1999) suggests that the national boundaries of world business are fast disappearing. More and more products are designed in one certain country, their parts are however produced in another country and the final assembly of the product may be done in a different country. As business spread their reach around the world, the processes of globalization also bring many changes to traditional domestic structures. Multinational corporations may have an advantage if using a transnational or global
strategy and identity, instead of being identified with a single domestic nation only.
This is part of the force of globalization, the worldwide interdependence of resource flows, product markets, and business competition that characterizes our new economy Schermerhorn (2005, 6-7,113). This process is described as one in which “improvements in technology, especially in communications and transportation, combine with the deregulation of markets and open borders to bring about vastly expanded flows of people, money, goods, services, and information.” With other words, in this globalizing world, whole countries as well as the people in general are also more and more interconnected via the media and with it, with universally promoted lifestyles. Besides, the trend of globalization would also mean that it would point labor markets and employment and business structures into the direction of getting more assimilated in a way, too. Ever nation and not just businesses is on a competitive basis to other nations. That would also explain the trend of having increasingly arranged regional economic blocs on the world to be more competitive together instead of alone. Asia, North and Latin America, and Europe are representing the biggest economic blocs, but other economic blocs such as Africa are also emerging to be able to combine economic potential, too. One must understand the force of globalization. Harvard scholar and consultant Kanter (1995, Schermerhorn, 113) describes it as: “one of the most powerful and pervasive influence on nations, business, workplace, communities, and lives.
2.2 Reorganization of Capitalism around the World Beginning in the Late
1960s
2.2.1 The
Outline of the Globalization Process
According to Roland Robertson (1992, 58-60), the outline of globalization process can be divided into five phases, namely the Germinal Phases (Phase 1: from the early fifteenth until mid eighteenth century), the Incipient Phases (Phase II: from the mid-eighteenth century until the 1870s), the Take-off Phase (Phase III: lasting from the 1870s until the mid-1920s), the Struggle-for-Hegemony Phase (Phase IV: lasting from the mid-1920s until the late 1960s), and the Uncertainty Phase (Phase V: beginning in the late 1960s until now). The period of Phase IV is considered to having the best unprecedented pr
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