英语论文网

nd idioms cannot be understood from the literal meaning.  Fraser  (1970)  carried  on  a  research  of  the  transformational  constraint  of idioms  from  a  syntactic  perspective.  He  proposed  a  frozen  degree  with  seven  levels,  namely  the  sixth  level---unrestricted,  the  fifth  level---reconstitution,  the  fourth level---extraction,  the  third  level---permutation,  the  second  level---insertion,  the  first level---adjunction and zero level---completely frozen. The role played by his research lied  in  examining  the  structures  and  syntactic  transformation  potential  of  idioms  by means  of  the  components  of  idioms.  C.  Fillmore,  P.  Kay  &  M.C.O’  Connor  (1988) made a case study of let alone, put forward the term “construction” and sorted idioms into grammatical idioms and extragrammatical idioms, substantive idioms and formal idioms, idioms with pragmatic point and idioms without pragmatic point. C. Femando (2000) put idioms in the specific contexts of language use, and examined the roles of idioms  in  the  human  communication,  including  expressing  meanings,  reflecting  the relationships  between  language  users  and  making  the  discourses  cohesive  and coherent.  C.  Femando,  in  fact,  from  a  functional  perspective,  carried  on  a comprehensive study of idioms. 
.........

2.2 Previous Studies on Chinese Idioms  
Chinese has developed a large number of idioms which are meaningful, vivid and concise.  Idioms,  in  our  life,  are  widely  used  by  people  of  different  ages  in  different ways. So there has been continuing interest from scholars both at home and abroad in the  study  of  Chinese  idioms.  This  section  will  present  a  brief  review  about  the previous studies on Chinese idioms at home and abroad.Chinese  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  richest  languages  in  the  world,  which  has numerous  vocabulary  and  various  phrases  including  idioms.  However,  there  is  not  a unified  definition  of  idioms.  According  to  Modern  Chinese  Dictionary  published  in 2005,  idioms  were  defined  as  phrases  or  short  sentences  conventionally  used  for  a long  time  which  have  the  insightful  and  qualitative  meanings.  Ci  Hai  published  in 2011 defined idioms as a kind of phrases which are mainly composed of four words in Chinese,  with  different  sources.  Some  can  be  understood  from  the  literal  meaning, such  as  “qian  jun  wan  ma  (千军万马)”  and &nb本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。