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 present  the derivational processes of various types of bei constructions. We conclude this chapter in section 4.4. 

4.1   pro and the short passive  

In  this  section,  we  deal  with  the  classic  puzzle  of  whether  or  not  the  external argument of the main verb is present in the short passive.  In my  analysis, the short passive  must  contain  a  silent  external  argument  pro  because  a  transitive  verb  in Mandarin must have an internal argument as well as an external argument regardless of the voice of the sentence. Except for the theoretical backup for the existence of a silent  argument  in  the  short  passive,  I  will  provide  some  semantic  evidence  to support such an assumption below.  Firstly,  we  can  always  add  a  random  pronoun,  like  ren  ‘someone’  to  the  short passive, making the external argument overt. Positing a pro in the spec-v provides a most intuitively explanation for such a phenomenon.  Secondly, (86) shows that there must be an external argument following bei to be the Agent that was crying. From  the  above  analysis,  we  can  draw  the  conclusion  that  the  external argument  in  the  short  passive  must  be  syntactically  represented.  As  is well-acknowledged,  a  big  PRO  must  be  bound  by  an  antecedent  in  English, exemplified in (88).  

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CONCLUSIONS 

In  this  section,  we  will  examine  how  the  present  analysis  may  capture  the  relevant properties of the bei construction.  Firstly,  we  present  a  uniform  analysis  of  the  bei  construction  within  the framework  of  MP  by  analyzing  bei  as  a  functional  category,  namely  Voice.  Under our analysis, the arguments in the bei construction are generated in the same way as they are in the active, without violating UTAH (Baker 1988:76, 1977:74). Secondly, our analysis naturally explains why only transitive verbs can be used in  the  bei  construction.  Recall  our  hypothesis  II  which  specifies  that  in  Modern Mandarin, to some extent, the ‘bei…gei’ behaves like a chunk, similar to ‘wei..suo’ construction  in  Classical  Chinese.  Therefore,  it  is  feasible  to  argue  that  only  a  DP extracted from Tr P is legible in spec-Voice. As there is no Tr P present in neither the unergativs  nor unaccusatives,  DPs  in  these  constructions  cannot  be  passivized.  The Tr P  projection  also  justifies the distribution  of  the  Affectedness  marker  ‘gei’  in  the bei construction.  Thirdly,  positing  an  Appl P  in  the 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。