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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-06-21编辑:lgg点击率:5101
论文字数:36100论文编号:org201406211138411664语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
摘要:This section illustrates the methodology of the thesis. Firstly, the research questionsof the thesis are listed and then followed by the data collection and the specific researchmethods. Lastly, the detailed research procedures are also provided.
2.2 Studies on Generics
As a special kind of sentence, generics have been concerned by semantic scientists,linguists, philosophers and logicians. There are lots of related studies on generics bothabroad and home. Overall, the study on generics abroad is much earlier than what is doneat home and the researchers of this field are not so many as that in China now. Thischapter will trace the literature of this language phenomenon both at home and abroad.The key issue of this study is about the exception-toleration of generics. Bear this inmind, this chapter will be organized to have a review on the previous researches aboutexception-toleration of generics and attempt to indicate the strengths and weaknesses ofeach research. Theories of default reasoning, developed from Artificial Intelligence, are a sort ofinference theories which allow for exceptions. For the rule-based studies, the key togenerics is to explain the ‘Gen’ operator which functions as a restricted universalquantifier meaning roughly ‘all normal’. The most promising versions of this approachare due to Asher and Morreau (1995) and Pelletier and Asher (1997), called ModalConditions, who maintain that ‘Ks are F’ is true iff for each individual K, the mostnormal worlds for that K according to the ordering base, are such that that K is F” (Sarah,2007: 41). Cohen points that the interpretations of generics are of high diversity and heconcludes that researchers have taken two general approaches to generics. The first one isto define the quantifier in such a way that its nature, possibly in conjunction with context,intonation, and world knowledge, may account for all the interpretations of generics. Analternative approach denies that there is any quantification involved. Rather, generics areevaluated with respect to rules and regulations. For example, “A raven is black”is truenot because of the properties of individual ravens, but because there is a (biological) rulestating that ravens are black” Cohen (2002:59-89).
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Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework ....17
3.1 Introduction....17
3.2 Conceptual Metonymy in Cognitive linguistics.......17
3.2.1. Cognitive definition of Metonymy......18
3.2.2 Metonymy as a Conceptual Phenomenon.....19
3.2.3 Metonymy as a Cognitive Process......20
3.2.4 Metonymy Operating Within an ICM......21
3.2.5 The Metonymic Mechanisms....23
3.3 Summary.......24
Chapter 4 Analyses of English Generics in New College English.......26
4.1 Introduction....26
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