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1.1 Research Background
写作是在语言学习的四项基本技能之一，它是当地人和非母语的学习者不是一件容易的事。作为最困难的听，说，读，写的技能之中，英语写作备受关注，来自国内和国外的教授和学者。在中国，英语写作能力是英语教学的过程中培养学生的语言能力的一个重要方面。然而，中国EFL（英语作为外语）学习者总是不合语法的句子和无意义的，甚至不合逻辑的连接，或缺乏凝聚力。凝聚力是非常重要的话语，因为这是基础的文字的连贯性和前提。语篇的衔接和连贯依赖度较大的凝聚力设备，这是必不可少的连接段的句子，把一个句子与句子，和链接与其他段落一个段落。因此，研究的衔接手段在学生们的写作材料是有用的教学方法的改进和必要减少由学习者在写作中大多达到彼此互惠教育学的凝聚力错误。作为在英语书凝聚力，Halliday和Hasan（1976）花话语标记（DMS）为一体的设备，创造凝聚力的词法，也就是说，在文本中的词法和句法的连续性。如今，大量的研究已经证明，作为一个强大的凝聚力设备DMS通信中发挥了重要作用。例如，德尔SAZ（2007）在她的书中英语语篇标记改定，连接的DMS的两个定义的属性之一，因此连接属性是非常重要的，对于DMS。由于有许多不同类型的衔接手段，而不是所有的人都将在本研究中学习的时间和能量的不足，这里重点放在使用DMS，更确切地说，改写标记（RMS），这是一个子一流的DMS。Writing is one of the four basic skills in language learning and it is not an easytask for both natives and non-native learners. As the most difficult skill amonglistening, speaking, reading and writing, English writing has attracted much attentionfrom both foreign and domestic professors and scholars. In China, English writingability is an important aspect in training students’ language ability in the process ofEnglish teaching. However, sentences produced by Chinese EFL (English as a ForeignLanguage) learners are always ungrammatical and meaningless, even illogicallyconnected, or lack of cohesion. Cohesion is very important in discourse since it is thefoundation of coherence and the prerequisite for the text. The cohesion and coherenceof discourse depend in a larger degree on the cohesive devices, which are essential inlinking up segments of sentences, linking a sentence with other sentences, and linkinga paragraph with other paragraphs. So the study of cohesive devices in learners’writing materials is useful for the improvement of teaching methods and is necessaryto minimize the cohesive errors made by EFL learners in their writing from theperspective of pedagogy.As in the book Cohesion in English, Halliday and Hasan (1976) took discoursemarkers (DMs) as one of the lexical devices that create cohesion, that is, lexical andsyntactic continuity in a text. Nowadays, a large amount of studies have proved thatDMs as a powerful cohesive device play an important role in communication. Forexample, as Del Saz (2007) described in her book English Discourse Markers ofReformulation, connectivity is one of the two definitional properties of DMs, thus thelinking property is very important for DMs. As there are many different types ofcohesive devices, not all of them will be studied in the present study for lack of timeand energy, and here focus is put on the use of DMs, more precisely, reformulationmarkers (RMs) which is a sub-class of DMs.
In English discourse, especially conversational discourse, there has long beenexisting a number of apparently meaningless words and phrases which are termed“mystery particles” by Longacre (1976), whose word class, distribution and meaningare opaque, such as well, oh, you know. The study of these items as an entity can betraced back to 1977 by Labov and Fanshel. Since 1970s, interest in these items hasincreased greatly; various studies proliferated on this new topic. Halliday and Hasan’s Cohesion in English in 1976 is one of the first and most important works on textualrelations, according to Del Saz (2007). They generally concentrated on semanticresources, more precisely, a specific set of linguistic items and structures for linking asentence. It was termed as sentence connectives: “it is a kind of semantic relationwhich functions as a specification of the本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。