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als and they are quite good choices for cultivating students’ English reading literacy, graded readers have gradually been used by many primary and middle schools, especially by some foreign language schools. However, English teachers from primary school and middle school, who are accustomed to using textbooks with characteristics of local design, are still not familiar with English graded reading now (Zhang, 2018). This research mainly focuses  on  a  foreign  language  middle  school  in  Shanghai  which  has  implemented English graded reading for certain years. The research is meaningful in that Shanghai is  one  of  the  most  international  metropolitan  cities,  which  has  the  highest level of education in China, foreign language middle schools can not only provide valuable experience for many other schools, but also give students some feasible suggestions to form better habits to use graded readers effectively. 

Chapter 2  Literature Review

2.1 Definition of Three Key Concepts

2.1.1  Definition of Graded Readers

English graded readers also refer to English leveled readers, or guided readers. Generally, it is been called picture books in primary school. There are varied versions of definition of graded reading at abroad and home. Hill (2008) defines graded readers as “books written for learners of English using limited lexis and syntax” (p. 185). 

2.1.2  Definition of Graded Reading

Amran (2009) explains graded reading is a form of literature that was built through a staged process to enable a pupil to master reading fluently in a short period of time. Graded readers include restricting grammatical structures and vocabulary (Nation & Ming-Tzu,  1999).  Graded  reading  is  also  defined  as  a  context  in  which  a  teacher supports each reader’s development of effective strategies for processing novel texts at increasingly challenging levels of difficulty (Pinnell & Fountas, 2010). 

Generally speaking, graded reading provides scientific and targeted reading books. Graded reading originated in developed countries and the concept of graded reading originated from the scientific analysis of the physical and psychological characteristics of adolescents and children. At different growth periods, the nature of reading and reading ability of children are completely different. English graded reading, taking into account  the  reader’s  English  proficiency,  mentality,  hobbies  and  other  elements, provides different English reading materials for different readers.

2.2 Graded Reading Teaching at Home and Abroad

2.2.1  Types of Graded Reading System

In 1836, William Holmes McGuffey, an American educator, who developed the first set of graded reading standards widely used by society. McGuffey is famous chiefly for his series of illustrated readers for elementary school. McGuffey’s Readers, which was titled Eclectic Readers, had become the basic primer for school children for almost 100 years. The content of McGuffey readers contains grammar, prov本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。