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论文作者:Dissertation Proposal论文属性:建议书 proposal登出时间:2010-07-10编辑:点击率:11233
论文字数:1765论文编号:org201007101230336818语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文
关键词:Dissertation Proposal Example
3.3 The lack of innovation in Chinese pharmaceutical companies and the external factors of the innovation of Chinese pharmaceutical companies
According to the previous literature (Li, Z.J., 2006), there are two main external factors contributed to the lack of innovation in Chinese pharmaceutical companies.
They are:
(1). Incomplete government incentives.
(2). A lack of collaboration between drug companies and domestic research institutes
or foreign research institutes.
The internal factors which influenced innovation of pharmaceutical companies in China tend to be:
(1). The absence of effective intellectual property rights in the society.
(2). New products development
Bstieler (2005) identified that time-efficient was an important element for the execution of technical development activities,www.51lunwen.org which plays vital role in the organizing project team, and compressing research proposal project.
George and Jones (2008) strongly suggested that it is very important to minimize new product development time, describing the principles and the problems of the new product development, which is a useful guide for the NPD.
3.4 The organizational culture and innovation
Ahmed (1998) claims that the most innovative companies of the future will be those which have created appropriate cultures and climates. Culture is a primary determinant of innovation.
Organisational culture can support innovation. It can resist innovation as well. What kind of culture can support product innovation process and how culture influences innovation are well discussed in the previous research. (Jassawalla, & Sashittal, 2002, Russell, R. D., 1989). The relationship of organizational culture and innovation and the determinants of organizational culture are illustrated and discussed by Martins and Terblanche (2003).
3.5 Incremental innovation and radical innovation:
Incremental innovation can be seen as an improvement to the existing product/ service or process. Incremental innovation only contributes a minor change to technology or to business model (or to both) (Goffin, K., et a1.,2005).
Radial innovation refers to innovations based on new technology, new business model or creating new market those completely change the existed ones (Goffin, K, et a1.,2005). Other previous paper interpreted radical innovation in more detail: "A radical innovation is a product, process, or service with either unprecedented performance features or familiar features that offer significant improvements in performance or cost that transform existing markets or create new ones" (Leifer R., et al, 2001). Radical innovation can make significant contribution to the development of firms and the society as well.
To survive in today's highly competitive market, products, services and processes need never ending changes. The never ending changes tend to base on incremental changes of products and services, those are very visible, and the added-value can be immediately tested by customers. The incremental changes of products and services tend to delight the customers by speed and quality (Six Sigma Magazine cited in Prescott, E. B., 2006).
However, Hamel claimed that in today's diverse and complex business environment, radical innovation is the only way to lead to organization's significant growth (Hame G, 2003 in Ganesan S., 2003).
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